高效组织会议——提出一个论点 Presenting an Argument

提出一个论点　Presenting an Argument

会议的类型五花八门。但是，有一种会议是在主席（chairman）主持下的正式会议（formal meeting）。主持引导这样的正式会议时，大部分用词都是格式化的（stylized），也就是说一样的话被用在所有的情景之中，当然也根据“正式”程度的不同划分。

开门见山，点名议题

☉I would like to begin by saying……

首先我想说的是……

☉The most important points seem to me to be……

在我看来最重要的议点是……

☉To begin with……

以……来开始

☉First，……second，……third，……finally，……

首先……其次……再次……最后……

☉First, let’s consider……

首先，让我们考虑……

☉There are four points I would like to make……

有四点我要说明……

介绍新的议题

☉In addition……

此外……

☉Not only do we have……，but also……

不仅仅要做我们手头的……而且还有……

☉Furthermore，……

此外……

☉I would like to address another issue briefly, that of……

我想简略地处理一个问题，那就是……

☉Another problem I’d like to focus on is……

我想另外的一个值得关注的问题就是……

☉Moreover，……

还有……

举例说明，对比表达

☉A case in point is……

一个典型的例子就是……

☉Let me give you an example……

让我来给你们举一个例子……

☉On one hand……，on the other hand……

一方面……另一方面……

☉In spite of……，we should still remember……

尽管……但我们仍然应该记得……

归纳总结并表明个人倾向

☉On the whole……

总的来说……

☉Overall……

总之……

☉All things considered……

从整体来看……

☉I’d rather see……

我倾向认为……

☉I’d like……

我想要……

综合论述

☉Let me conclude with……

让我们以……来作为总结。

☉Finally，……

最后……

☉Let me conclude by reiterating that……

让我最后重申……

☉To summarize, I’d like to say……

作为总结，我想说……

☉Allow me to conclude by saying……

请允许我最后说……

总结

“提出一个论点”可以被理解为表明自己的一个观点，无论是举例还是对比，概括还是下结论，都在为自己的观点服务，都是要告诉别人你想听到什么或者你倾向什么。

Words　单词表

accommodate容纳；协调

accommodation住宿

elaborate详细述说；详细的

eliminate消除，删除

earmark专用

fiscal财政的，财务的

gain赢取；赚取

generation产生，生成

monies款项，资金

oversight监督；检查

popular受欢迎的

proper合适的，适宜的

prudent审慎的，谨慎的

reiterate重申

resource资源，财力

spending支出，经费

taxpayer纳税人

venue地点

Phrases　短语表

auditing action审计行动

check and balance制约平衡

discuss an issue讨论事宜

earmark for预留的

governing body主管机构

historical tourist site历史旅游景点

influx of（sth）（某事物）涌入

lighten a burden减轻负担

operating fund营运资金，周转基金

pave roads铺路

pressing issue紧迫问题

sheer number大量，众多

take a moment（to do sth）花一点时间来做（某事）

tax cut减税

tax increase增税

vote on（sth）表决（某事）

实景对话1

A：Before we vote on it, let's take a moment to discuss the issue. George，

I believe you know more about the new tax cuts than anyone else. Would you care to share with us?

B：I'd be happy to. I would like to begin by saying tax increases are never popular, and everyone is interested in cutting taxes. However, the most important points seem to me to be the generation of fiscal resources and the check and balance of prudent spending.

A：Very well……

B：To begin with, the only way that governmental bodies can gain their operating funds is to collect taxes or to impose use fees. First, we allagree that we'd like to lighten the burden on taxpayers, but are unsure if tax cuts are the best way to do it.Second, we also agree that we need to find ways to generate more funding.Third, supporters of the tax cut propose that more funding can be generated by shifting around the current budget.Finally, I'd like to suggest that it is impossible to shift around the current budget without proper oversight from an outside agency.

A：Could you elaborate?

B：Let me give you an example. If the council were to start shifting monies around without an outside overseer auditing their actions, perhaps funding specifically earmarked for the schools would end up being used to pave the roads. On one hand, we are solving pressing financial issues, on the other, we are robbing Peter to pay Paul.

A：Understood.

B：Allow me to conclude by saying, even though tax cuts seem like a good idea, they introduce problems into our budgeting system. We cannot keep a balanced budget by shifting funding.To reiterate, we must have some form of financial oversight.

A：在我们进行表决以前，让我们先讨论讨论这个问题。乔治，我相信你比任何人都了解新的减税计划，你是否愿意和我们分享一下？

B：我很乐意。首先我想说的是增税从来就不受欢迎，而每个人都对减税兴趣盎然。但是，在我看来最重要的是新的财政资源生成和审慎开支的制衡。

A：太好了……

B：首先，政府机构是通过征税或强制收取使用费来获取运转资金的。第一，我们大家都同意要减轻纳税人负担，但是不能肯定减税是最好的途径。第二，我们也同意要开辟途径来获取更多的运转资金。第三，减税的支持者建议通过调整预算来获取更多的资金。最后，我想说，如果没有外部机构合理的监督，调整预算是不可能实现的。

A：能详细说明一下吗？

B：让我来给您举个例子。如果没有对其行为的审计监督的话，地方议会可能将专用于学校的拨款用于铺路。一方面我们正在解决财政压力的问题，而另一方面我们要挖肉补疮。

A：明白。

B：请允许我总结说明，尽管减税看起来是个好主意，但是它会给我们的预算系统带来麻烦，转移资金很难确保预算的平衡。重申一下，我们必须得有某种形式的财政监督。

实景对话2

A：Now to the next item on our agenda, discussing the venue for the international convention. Susan, did you have something to say about this item?

B：Yes, thank you. There are four points I would like to make.First, to begin with, attendees for this convention will be coming from all areas of Asia, so I believe the city we choose to hold our event in must be easily accessible from international origins. That would eliminate some of our choices.In addition, not only do we have people coming from outside of China, but we also have language issues to address.We'll have to be able to accommodate those people who may not speak local languages.That would mean choosing a venue that has available translation support.

A：That is very insightful……

B：Moreover, because we expect an influx of thousands of visitors to the conference, we've got to consider accommodations. Another problem I'd like to focus on is the fact that three out of five of our choices are small cities which may not be able to handle the sheer numbers.

A：So that would leave two cities, Shanghai and Beijing.

B：My fourth and final point, is that first-time visitors to China would also be most interested in an area that would have more historical tourist sites. To summarize, I'd like to say that I see our only viable option for this convention is Beijing.

A：现在我们进入议程的下一项，讨论关于国际公约（签署）场地事宜。苏珊，关于这项您有什么要说的吗？

B：是的，谢谢。有4点我要说明。首先，该公约活动的参与者来自亚洲各地，所以我认为我们要选择的城市需有地缘优势。这样我们的很多选项将被排除。此外，还有来自中国以外的国家的人，因此我们还得解决语言问题，必须为这些有语言障碍的人提供便利，那就意味着要选择一个有合适的语言翻译的场地。

A：这倒是很有见地……

B：还有，因为预料会有大量的访问者参加该大会，那我们就一定得考虑住宿。

另外一个值得关注的问题是，我们手头5个可供选择的城市有3个是小城镇，这3个小城镇无法应对那么多的来访者。

A：这样说来就剩两个城市了——上海和北京。

B：我想说的第四点也就是最后一点，第一次来中国的访问者会对历史旅游景点表现出极大的兴趣。总之，我认为，在我看来我们这次签约的唯一选择是北京。