潇洒做演讲——组织论点 Organizing Your Points

组织论点　Organizing Your Points

一个良好的观点论述组织方法（in an organized fashion）可以分为三步：提出一个论点，清楚表达；用证据或实例来支持论点；重申你的论点，并过渡到下一个论点。

提出论点

开门见山提出一个论点，可以借助幻灯片，让听众有明确的认识。

☉The next point I’d like to make is……

下一个我要说的是……

☉As you can see from this graph……

如图所示……

☉Not only are……important, but also that we must consider……

不仅在……重要，而且我们必须也考虑到……

☉So, just to reiterate, we should remember……

那再重申一下，我们应当牢记……

☉This point is clearly illustrated by……

通过……这个观点将显而易见……

观点介绍

在对论点展开具体阐述之前，你需要在25个字之内（25 words or less）进行总体概述，使听众了解下面要说哪些具体内容。使用一些具有路标性质的语句，提示听众已经到了哪一“站”。

☉My next point is……

我的下一个论点是……

☉Point 2 in my presentation is……

我讲解内容的第二点是……

☉Another thing we have to talk about is……

还有一个我必须要说的是……

☉Next to discuss today is……

下一个观点是……

列证据，举实例

列出用于证明你观点的所有证据、实例、故事和类比的清单，可以讲故事、列统计数据表、打比方、讲笑话等。这样不仅可以活跃气氛，而且让论点更有说服力。例证和实例都必须简洁并有说服力（quick and convincing）。

☉Let me give you some examples.

我来举一些例子。

☉Here are some statistics you might find helpful.

这里有些统计表可能对你们（理解）有帮助。

综述

重申论点，这样听众会更信服你的结论。用路标性（signpost）的语言做总结，告诉听众论点的论述已结束。

☉To summarize this point……

对这点进行总结……

☉（At the very end of your talk）In conclusion……

（在讲话末了）总而言之……

☉And so……

那么因此……

下一个论点的过渡

用过渡型的语言来将听众的注意力引到下一个论点。

☉That leads me to the next point.

这引申出了我的下一个观点。

☉Now, let’s move on……

现在，让我们转到……

总结

论点的组织过程与议论文的写作有着异曲同工之妙，都包括“点题、论述、总结、过渡”；都需要论据（实例、数据、统计表等）来充实观点。无论是读者还是听众，必须准确引领他们的思路，让他们到达你的指定地方并信服你的观点。

Words　单词表

advanced高级的；现代的

advertising广告

auditing审计

budget预算

clearly显然，明显

communication通信，沟通

demographic人口统计的，人口的

expenditure支出，开支

market research市场调研

modernize现代化

polling查询；调查

product产品

schedule时间表

statistics统计

summarize综述，概述

test group实验组

update更新

Phrases　短语表

……and the like等等，诸如此类

a large percentage占有较大比例

as you can see（from……）从……你可以看到

dominate（a market）主导（市场）

give an example举个例子

illustrate（a point）证明（某论点）

Internet user互联网用户

invest in投资，投资于

it's easy to see why原因显而易见

make a point证明一个论点，阐述论点

marketing strategy营销战略

potential customers潜在客户

product development产品开发

reach（a customer）发展（一个客户）

spend more time and money（doing sth）（在做某事上）花更多的时间和钱

take（sth）into consideration把……考虑其中

yet only只有才

target audience目标受众，目标对象

well-received by广为（某人）接受

when it comes to……当涉及……

实景对话1

A：The next point I'd like to make is the importance of modernizing our communication. This point is clearly illustrated by taking into consideration the potential customers we could reach if we update our marketing strategies.As you can see from this graph, a large percentage of our demographic are Internet users.Yet only 2%of our marketing budget goes to Internet advertising.Here are some more statistics you might find helpful.Our competition spends 45%of their marketing budget on Internet and other high technology advertising.They have been able to dominate the market and it's easy to see why！To summarize thispoint, we need to think in more advanced ways when it comes to our communication and advertising.

B：I agree！

A：Thank you. Now, not only is changing the way we communicate with our customers important, but we must also consider the strength of our products. My next point is that we need to spend more time and money in developing products that will be better received by our target audience.Let me give you some examples.If we hope to reach a younger market, we should spend time understanding what kind of products teenagers are interested in.We can invest in polling and market research, test groups and the like.

C：But that costs money……

A：Very true. But that leads me to my next point.To make money, first we have to invest money……

A：我要讲的下一点是通信现代化的重要性。如果我们更新我们的营销战略，我们就会发展到潜在客户，考虑到这个内容，这个观点也就不言自明。如图所示，互联网用户占我们人口总数的比重很大，但我们对于互联网广告的预算只有2%。这里还有一些统计表会有助于你们理解这一点，我们的竞争对手将45%的营销预算花在互联网和别的高科技的广告中。他们能够统领市场的原因也就显而易见了。最后我总结这一点，我认为在我们的通信和广告上，我们需要更先进的媒介方式。

B：我同意！

A：谢谢。现在重要的是不仅要改变我们和客户间的沟通方式，也要考虑我们产品的优势。我的下一个论点是我们需要投入更多的时间和资金研发更为目标消费群所接受的产品。让我举一些例子。如果我们希望获得年轻人的市场，我们应当花时间理解什么样的产品才是青少年感兴趣的。我们可以投资调查和市场研究、测试人群等。

C：但是那是要花钱的……

A：没错。这正好引出了我的下一个观点。要挣钱，首先我们必须投资……

实景对话2

A：So, just to reiterate, we should remember the importance of planning.

My next point is addressing how to schedule the auditing process. Here is the auditing schedule；you can see we will plan to evaluate the financial records one department at a time.I hope that all the department heads can pay attention to your department's scheduled date, and make all the financial data available to us at this time.Next to discuss today is what kind of data we will require……

B：Uh, I have a question.

A：Yes?

B：I see from your calendar that the Production Department is last on the list.

Because we make most of the expenditures, shouldn't we be first?

A：It really doesn't matter which department is audited first, because we evaluate each department separately. Now, as I said, my next point is what information will be required by our auditing team.You must prepare financial accounting for all expenditures your department has made.If you have any specific questions about this issue, please contact any of the auditing team or myself.Now, let's move on.Another thing we have to talk about is when the management will approve the budgets for next year……

A：那再重申一下，我们应当牢记计划的重要性。我要讲的下一点是如何安排审计过程时间。这里有一份审计时间表，你们可以看到我们计划一次只审评一个部门的财务记录。我希望每个部门的领导都能注意到安排给你的部门的时间，并且确保在这个时间给我们财务数据。下一个要讨论的是我们所需要的数据的类型……

B：嗯，我有个问题。

A：什么问题？

B：我看到日程中生产部门是最后一个。因为我们花费最多，我们应该是第一个吧？

A：哪个部门先接受审计没有关系。因为我们分别评审每个部门。现在，就我刚才所说的，我的下一个论点是我们审计小组要什么信息。你们需要准备部门所有花销的财务核算。关于该环节的任何问题，你们可以和审计小组的任何成员或我本人联系。现在，我们继续。另外一个我们需要谈的是管理层对明年预算的审批时间……