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英语修辞与写作·14.1 Paregmenon

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2021年10月22日

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14.1 Paregmenon

14.1A Paregmenon的含义和形式

1) Paregmenon,汉译“同源”格。1993年3月4日美国电视节目“You Bet Your Life”主持人讲出“Don't you boast like a popcorn popper?”时,引出观众一阵大笑。句中pop和popper同源,把同源词连用构成的修辞结构即称为同源辞格。又如:

You shouldn't interrupt my interruptions: That's really worse than interrupting.

(T. S. Eliot)

2) 同源词可以是不同词性,也可以含义相反,只要搭配得当,都可以构成同源格。例如:

Home is home though never so homely.

(Proverb, 形式为N.+Adj.)

Aerial and light everything was, new as a morning, fresh and newly-begun. Like a dawn the newness and the bliss filled in.

(D. H. Lawrence, 形式为Adj.+Adv.+N.)

Money often unmakes the men who make it.

(Proverb,形式为反义词)

14.1B Paregmenon的使用

1) 同源格是一种特殊的重复,即通过使用同一词源的不同词性或不同含义的几个词,取得重复强调或反衬对照的效果;它在英语的不同文体中都广为使用。例如:

Love sought is good, but given unsought is better.

(Shakespeare)

Alas, good friend, what profit

can you see in hating such a

hateless thing as me?

(Shelly)

He looked down and met her eyes. They were darker than darkness, and gave deeper space.

(D. H. Lawrence)

Man must change in a changing world. — Proverb

Rejecting Rejection.

上述最后一例系Katina Z. Jones在1992年8月 Writer's Digest 上一篇文章的题目,内容谈作家在未成名之前往往遭受退稿之苦,正确的态度是不要气馁,坚持再写。这个同源结构表现了作者不怕挫折的精神。

2) 同源格既能以简练的反衬做到准确、鲜明,又能与矛盾修饰(11.2B)配合表示诙谐、辛辣。例如:

What's done can't be undone.

(Proverb)

句中undone一词言简意赅,不容更改,如要paraphrase成What hasn't been done之类的从句则令人难以接受。这样的例子在谚语和经典作品中经常可以见到。下面再举几例:

While pensive poets painful vigils keep, sleepless themselves, to give readers sleep.

(A. Pope)

She was in her own world, quiet, secure, unnoticed, unnoticing.

(D. H. Lawrence)

Teach the unforgetful to forget.

(D. G. Rossetti)

I was prepared to be persecuted for not persecuting ...

(G. Eliot)

... for what says Quinapalus?

Better's a witty fool than a foolish wit.

(W. Shakespeare)

句中fool和wit分别与foolish, witty同源,witty fool和foolish wit各自构成矛盾修饰。用词简洁,结构工整,话说得既俏皮,又深刻,自成千古名句。类似的例子还有:

The shackles of an old love straighten'd him. His honour in dishonour stood.

And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.

(A. Tennyson)

 


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