詹姆斯韦德安东尼保罗，四名NBA巨星的演讲是怎样感动了全美？

我们经常被告知，体育世界是“超越政治”的。但是不久前，有体坛奥斯卡之称的ESPY颁奖典礼开始时，詹姆斯、韦德、安东尼、保罗四位NBA球星，他们并肩站立，发表了一场关乎政治的演讲。此演讲有何技巧，本文做了简单分析。同时在文末附上演讲英文原稿，也可做听力训练。

这四位巨星呼吁终结警察的种族定性和黑人社区的枪支暴力，并号召运动员和其他领袖带头放下寻求报复的愤怒情绪，转而致力于重建信任。

这四兄弟的演讲究竟好在哪？

To divide up a single speech between four speakers.

由4名演讲者来完成一篇讲稿。

It literalised the idea that these athletes—“the four of us talking to our fellow athletes with the country watching”—were speaking with one voice; offering a united front.And they were, very consciously, “representing”.

这体现出了这些运动员在用同一个声音说话；他们站在统一的战线上——“我们四个人向其他运动员喊话，而全国观众都在看着”。而且他们很有“代表”意识。

As Mr Paul said：“We stand before you as fathers, sons, husbands, brothers, uncles—and in my case, as an African-American man and the nephew of a police officer.” Again, careful positioning：to foreground being the nephew of a police officer is to state that your fight is not with the police.

就如保罗所说的：“我们以父亲、儿子、丈夫、兄弟、叔伯的身份站在你们面前——就我个人而言，我是一个非裔美国人，也是一名警官的侄子。”再一次，这体现出他们的精心定位：首先摆明自己是一名警官的侄子，说明你无意与警察为敌。

The speeches deftly deployed the classic figures of oratory, used an epistrophic tricolon.

他们的演讲娴熟地运用了经典的演讲术，使用了结句反复的三行平行结构。

Mr Anthony used an epistrophic tricolon when he said：“The problems are not new.The violence is not new.And the racial divide definitely is not new.” So did Mr Wade when he said：“The racial profiling has to stop.The shoot-to-kill mentality has to stop.Not seeing the value of black and brown bodies has to stop.” Mr James used anaphora when he said it was the duty of athletes to “help rebuild[communities], help strengthen them, help change them”.

安东尼使用了结句反复的三行平行结构，他说：“这些问题不是新的。这些暴力不是新的。而种族隔阂当然也不是新的。”韦德也运用了这一手法，他说：“种族定性必须停止。动辄开枪而且往死里打的心态必须停止。忽视黑人和棕色人士价值的做法必须停止。”詹姆斯运用了首语重复的手法，他说，“帮助重建（社区），帮助加强它们，帮助改变它们”是运动员的责任。

By echoing each other stylistically, they gave an impression of unity at the level of the language itself.

通过在风格上相互呼应，他们在语言本身的层面上给人一种统一的印象。

They used the incantatory power of a bare list of names.

罗列人名，从中汲取了一种咒语般的力量。

In Mr Paul's section of the speech he named the victims of violence.A list of names can be a very powerful way of invoking pathos and solidarity.Mr Paul then went on to name—co-opting them to the cause—previous luminaries of sport who had some emancipatory role.Here, with care and precision and judiciousness, was an attempt to make the broadest possible appeal to human fraternity and tolerance.

保罗演讲的部分，他列出了暴力受害者的姓名，是激发感染力、促使众人同心的非常有力的方式。他接着罗列了此前曾在一定程度上推进解放事业的体育明星的名字——目的是将这些人纳入到这项事业中。这里，他们以一种谨慎、精准和睿智的方式，尝试最大范围地激发人类的博爱和宽容。

The speech enacted, then, what all speeches at some level are trying to do.It said：this is who we the speakers are, and this is who you, the audience, are.We are not divided.

这篇演讲所做的正是所有的演讲在某种层面上都试图实现的事情。它在说：这就是我们这些演讲者的本色，也是你们作为观众的本色。我们之间并无隔阂。

演讲全文：

Carmelo Anthony:

Good evening.Tonight is a celebration of sports, celebrating our accomplishments and our victories.But, in this moment of celebration, we asked to start the show tonight this way, the four of us talking to our fellow athletes, with the country watching.

Because we cannot ignore the reality of the current state of America.The events of the past week have put a spotlight on the injustice, distrust and anger that plague so many of us.

The system is broken.The problems are not new.The violence is not new.And the racial divide definitely is not new.

But the urgency to create change is at an all-time high.

Chris Paul:

We stand here tonight accepting our role in uniting communities, to be the change we need to see.We stand before you as fathers, sons, husbands, brothers, uncles and in my case, as an African-American man and the nephew of a police officer, who is one of the hundreds of thousands of great officers serving this country.

But, Trayvon Martin.Michael Brown.Tamir Rice.Eric Garner.Laquan McDonald.Alton Sterling.Philando Castile.

This is also our reality.

Generations ago, legends like Jesse Owens, Jackie Robinson, Muhammad Ali, John Carlos and Tommie Smith, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Jim Brown, Billie Jean King, Arthur Ashe and countless others, they set a model for what athletes should stand for.

So we choose to follow in their footsteps.

Dwyane Wade:

The racial profiling has to stop.The shoot-to-kill mentality has to stop.Not seeing the value of black and brown bodies has to stop.But also, the retaliation has to stop.

The endless gun violence in places like Chicago, Dallas, not to mention Orlando, it has to stop.Enough.Enough is enough.

Now, as athletes, it's on us to challenge each other to do even more than we already do in our own communities.And the conversation, it cannot stop as our schedules get busy again.It won't always be convenient.It won't.It won't always be comfortable, but it is necessary.

LeBron James:

We all feel helpless and frustrated by the violence.We do.But that's not acceptable.It's time to look in the mirror and ask ourselves what are we doing to create change.

It's not about being a role model.It's not about our responsibility to a tradition of activism.

I know tonight we're honoring Muhammad Ali,the GOAT（greatest of all time）.But to do his legacy any justice, let's use this moment as a call to action for all professional athletes to educate ourselves.It's for these issues.Speak up.Use our influence.And renounce all violence.

And most importantly, go back to our communities, invest our time, our resources, help rebuild them, help strengthen them, help change them.

We all have to do better.Thank you.

词汇总结

literalise['lɪtərəlaɪz]

vt.照字义解释，拘泥于字句

It literalised the idea that these athletes—“the four of us talking to our fellow athletes with the country watching”—were speaking with one voice; offering a united front.And they were, very consciously, “representing”.

这体现出了这些运动员在用同一个声音说话；他们站在统一的战线上——“我们四个人向其他运动员喊话，而全国观众都在看着”。而且他们很有“代表”意识。

incantatory[ɪn'kæntətɔ:rɪ]

adj.咒语的，魔咒的

They used the incantatory power of a bare list of names.

罗列人名，从中汲取了一种咒语般的力量。

pathos[ˈpeɪθɒs]

n.痛苦;悲怆，哀婉，凄楚，伤感；同情

In Mr Paul's section of the speech he named the victims of violence.A list of names can be a very powerful way of invoking pathos and solidarity.

保罗演讲的部分，他列出了暴力受害者的姓名，是激发感染力、促使众人同心的非常有力的方式。

put a spotlight on 强调，突出

The events of the past week have put a spotlight on the injustice, distrust and anger that plague so many of us.