演讲MP3+双语文稿:为何有些孩子能去上大学，有些孩子却去了拘留所？

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听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:为何有些孩子能去上大学，有些孩子却去了拘留所？，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲人及介绍】Anindya Kundu

阿尼迪亚·昆都, 社会学家、教育家、作家，坚信集体性的支持系统和机会能让很多学生成功。

【演讲主题】为何有些孩子能去上大学，有些孩子却去了拘留所？

【演讲文稿-中英文】

翻译者 psjmz mz 校对 Yolanda Zhang

00:12

My first job out of college was as an academic researcher at one of the largest juvenile detention centers in the country. And every day I would drive to this building on the West Side of Chicago, go through the security checkpoint and walk down these brown, brick hallways as I made my way down to the basement to observe the intake process.

我大学毕业后的第一份工作是在一所全国最大的青少年拘留所做学术研究员。每天我驾车来到这座位于芝加哥西边的建筑，穿过安全检查点，然后沿着棕色的砖砌走廊往下走，去地下室观察录入的过程。

00:33

The kids coming in were about 10 to 16 years old, usually always black and brown, most likely from the same impoverished South and West Sides of Chicago. They should've been in fifth to tenth grade, but instead they were here for weeks on end awaiting trial for various crimes. Some of them came back to the facility 14 times before their 15th birthday. And as I sat there on the other side of the glass from them, idealistic with a college degree, I wondered to myself: Why didn't schools do something more to prevent this from happening?

进来的孩子大约10-16岁，通常是黑色和棕色皮肤，大部分来自芝加哥南部和西部的贫困地区。他们本应该在上学读 5-10 年级，但现实是他们要在这里呆上几周，等待各种罪行的审判。有些人在15岁生日前已经进出这里14次。隔着玻璃，当我坐在他们的另一边，本科毕业的我带着一种理想主义，不禁纳闷：为什么学校不采取更多行动去阻止这些事情的发生呢？

01:10

It's been about 10 years since then, and I still think about how some kids get tracked towards college and others towards detention, but I no longer think about schools' abilities to solve these things. You see, I've learned that so much of this problem is systemic that often our school system perpetuates the social divide. It makes worse what it's supposed to fix. That's as crazy or controversial as saying that our health care system isn't preventative but somehow profits off of keeping us sick ... oops.

10年后，我仍在思考为何有些孩子能上大学，而有些孩子却去了拘留所，但我不再去质疑学校解决这些问题的能力。我了解到，这个问题在很大程度上是制度性的，是我们的学校制度造成了社会分化。它让本应解决的问题变得更糟了。这就像说我们的医疗保健系统不是预防性的，而是从让我们生病中获利一样疯狂或有争议。哎呀，好像不该这么说。

01:42

(Laughter)

（笑声）

01:43

I truly do believe though that kids can achieve great things despite the odds against them, and in fact, my own research shows that. But if we're serious about helping more kids from across the board to achieve and make it in this world, we're going to have to realize that our gaps in student outcomes are not so much about achievement as much as they are about opportunity.

我真心认为，尽管困难重重，那些孩子依然可以有出色的表现，并且事实上，我自己的研究也显示了这点。但是如果我们真的想要帮助更多的孩子在这个世界上取得成功，我们就需要意识到学生学习成果的差距与其说是在于成就，不如说是来自于机会。

02:06

A 2019 EdBuild report showed that majority-white districts receive about 23 billion dollars more in annual funding than nonwhite districts, even though they serve about the same number of students. Lower resource schools are dealing with lower quality equipment, obsolete technology and paying teachers way less. Here in New York, those are also the schools most likely to serve the one in 10 elementary school students who will most likely have to sleep in a homeless shelter tonight.

一份2019年的EdBuild 报告显示，白人为主的街区每年获得的教育经费比非白人街区要多 230亿美元，即便它们所服务的学生数量一样。资源少的学校用低质量的设施，陈旧的技术，并且教师的工资更低。在纽约，这些学校也是最有可能给今晚最有可能睡在收容所的那十分之一的学生服务的。

02:36

The student, parent and teacher are dealing with a lot. Sometimes places are misplacing the blame back on them. In Atlanta, we saw that teachers felt desperate enough to have to help their students cheat on standardized tests that would impact their funding. Eight of them went to jail for that in 2015 with some sentences as high as 20 years, which is more than what many states give for second-degree murder.

学生，家长和教师要处理很多事情。有时候教育机构会把责任推给他们。在亚特兰大，我们发现，教师已经绝望到去帮助他们的学生在标准考试中作弊，因为后者会影响教育资金。2015 年，有8个人为此进了监狱，有些被判处高达20年的刑期，这比许多州二级谋杀的刑罚还久。

03:04

The thing is though, in places like Tulsa, teachers' pay has been so bad that these people have had to go to food pantries or soup kitchens just to feed themselves. The same system will criminalize a parent who will use a relative's address to send their child to a better school, but for who knows how long authorities have turned a blind eye to those who can bribe their way onto the most elite and beautiful college campuses.

问题是，在塔尔萨这样的地方，教师的薪酬非常糟糕，他们不得不去免费食品分发处或施粥处讨饭，才能养活自己。同样的制度也会唆使父母犯罪，使用位于好学区亲戚的地址帮助孩子上更好的学校，但谁知道当局对那些能够通过贿赂进入最优秀、最美丽的大学校园的人视而不见多久了。

03:31

And a lot of this feels pretty heavy to be saying -- and maybe to be hearing -- and since there's nothing quite like economics talk to lighten the mood -- that's right, right? Let me tell you about some of the costs when we fail to tap into our students' potential. A McKinsey study showed that if in 1998 we could've closed our long-standing student achievement gaps between students of different ethnic backgrounds or students of different income levels, by 2008, our GDP -- our untapped economic gains -- could have gone up by more than 500 billion dollars. Those same gaps in 2008, between our students here in the US and those across the world, may have deprived our economy of up to 2.3 trillion dollars of economic output.

这些话说起来让人感觉很沉重——可能听起来也是如此——因为没有什么比经济学演讲更能让人放松心情了——是吧？让我们来告诉你们，当我们不能挖掘学生的潜力时，要付出怎样的代价。麦肯锡的一项研究表明，如果在1998年，我们可以缩小长期存在于不同种族或者不同收入水平的学生之间的成就差距，到2008年，我们的 GDP——我们未开发的经济收益——能够增长超过5千亿美元。2008年，美国的学生和世界其他地方的学生之间同样的差距，可能会剥夺我们高达2.3万亿美元的经济产出。

04:21

But beyond economics, numbers and figures, I think there's a simpler reason that this matters, a simpler reason for fixing our system. It's that in a true democracy, like the one we pride ourselves on having -- and sometimes rightfully so -- a child's future should not be predetermined by the circumstances of their birth. A public education system should not create a wider bottom and more narrow top. Some of us can sometimes think that these things aren't that close to home, but they are if we broaden our view, because a leaky faucet in our kitchen, broken radiator in our hallway, those parts of the house that we always say we're going to get to next week, they're devaluing our whole property.

但除了经济学，数字和数量，我认为说这一点很重要，还有一个更简单的原因，这一简单的原因就可以修复我们的系统。那就是在一个真正的民主社会，就如我们自豪所拥有的—— 有时候是理所当然的——孩子的未来不应该取决于他们出生的环境。公共教育体系不应该 创造一个金字塔模式。我们有些人可能会认为这些事情离我们不是特别近，但如果我们开拓视野，就会发现它们近在咫尺，因为厨房的水龙头漏水，走廊的散热器坏了，我们总是说我们下周会进行维修，但它们正在让我们的整个财产贬值。

05:05

Instead of constantly looking away to solutions like privatization or the charter school movement to solve our problems, why don't we take a deeper look at public education, try to take more pride in it and maybe use it to solve some of our social problems. Why don't we try to reclaim the promise of public education and remember that it's our greatest collective responsibility?

与其总是寻找诸如私有化或者特许学校运动来解决我们的问题，我们为什么不深入审视尝试去引以为豪的公共教育，并且用它来解决我们的一部分社会问题呢？我们为什么不重申公共教育的愿景并牢记这是我们最重要的集体责任呢？

05:30

Luckily some of our communities are doing just that. The huge teacher strikes in the spring of 2019 in Denver and LA -- they were successful because of community support for things like smaller class sizes and getting things into schools like more counselors in addition to teacher pay. And sometimes for the student, innovation is just daring to implement common sense.

幸运的是，我们有些社团正在这样做。2019 年春天，在丹佛和洛杉矶的大型教师罢工—— 这些运动之所以成功，是因为社区支持这些诉求：例如更小的班级，招募更多的辅导员，还有提高教师的工资。有时候对于学生而言，创新就是敢于实践常识。

05:55

In Baltimore a few years ago, they enacted a free breakfast and lunch program, taking away the stigma of poverty and hunger for some students but increasing achievement in attendance for many others.

几年前在巴尔的摩，他们制定了一个免费的早餐和午餐计划，为一些学生消除贫穷和饥饿的耻辱，但也增加了其他人的出勤率。

06:08

And in Memphis, the university is recruiting local, passionate high school students and giving them scholarships to go teach in the inner city without the burden of college debt.

在孟菲斯，大学正在招募当地热情的高中生，给他们奖学金，让他们去市中心教书，而不用承担大学的债务。

06:18

And north of here in The Bronx, I recently researched these partnerships being built between high schools, community colleges and local businesses who are creating internships in finance, health care and technology for students without "silver spoon" connections to gain important skills and contribute to the communities that they come from.

在布朗克斯的北边，我最近研究了在高中，社区学院和本地商家之间建立的合作伙伴关系， 他们为那些没有黄金人脉的学生创造金融、 医疗和科技方面的实习机会，去获得重要技能， 并为他们所在的社区做贡献。

06:39

So today I don't necessarily have the same questions about education that I did when I was an idealistic, perhaps naïve college grad working in a detention center basement. It's not: Can schools save more of our students? Because I think we have the answer to that -- and it's yes they can, if we save our schools first. We can start by caring about the education of other people's children ... And I'm saying that as someone who doesn't have kids yet but wants to worry a little bit less about the future when I do.

所以今天，我不再抱有曾经那种我还在看守所地下室工作时充满理想主义，可能还有些学生气的关于教育的问题。问题不再是关于：学校可以拯救更多的学生吗？因为我认为我们已经有了答案——是的，可以，如果我们首先拯救我们的学校。我们可以从关心别人孩子的教育开始…虽然我还没有小孩，但我这样说，也是希望在未来不必那么担心。

07:13

Cultivating as much talent as possible, getting as many girls as we can from all over into science and engineering, as many boys as we can into teaching -- those are investments for our future. Our students are like our most valuable resource, and when you put it that way, our teachers are like our modern-day diamond and gold miners, hoping to help make them shine. Let's contribute our voices, our votes and our support to giving them the resources that they will need not just to survive but hopefully thrive, allowing all of us to do so as well.

培养尽可能多的人才，从各地吸引尽可能多的女孩子进入科学和工程领域，就如我们可以 让男孩们从事教育一样——这些是对我们未来的投资。我们的学生就像我们最有价值的资源，当你把他们放在那个位置时，我们的老师就像现代的钻石和黄金矿工，希望帮助学生们发光。让我们发出自己的声音，不再吝啬我们的投票和支持，给予他们所需的资源，不仅是为了生存，更是为了繁荣，让我们所有人都能这样做。

07:52

Thank you.

谢谢。

07:53

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）