演讲MP3+双语文稿:气候变化如何影响您的心理健康

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【演讲人及介绍】BrittWray

科学说书人，作家，广播员，布里特·雷(Britt Wray)的作品是关于生活和我们如何对待生活的:过去、现在和未来

【演讲主题】气候变化如何影响您的心理健康

【演讲文稿-中英文】

翻译者 psjmz mz 校对人员Yolanda Zhang

00:12

For all that's ever been said about climate change, we haven't heard nearly enough about the psychological impacts of living in a warming world. If you've heard the grim climate research that science communicators like me weave into our books and documentaries, you've probably felt bouts of fear, fatalism or hopelessness. If you've been impacted by climate disaster, these feelings can set in much deeper, leading to shock, trauma, strained relationships, substance abuse and the loss of personal identity and control.

尽管人们一直在谈论气候变化， 但关于生活在日益变暖的世界里， 受到的心理影响 我们讨论得还远远不够。 如果你听到过像我这样 的科学传播者 在书和纪录片中描述 的严酷的气候研究， 你可能会感到阵阵恐惧， 绝望或是宿命论。 如果你受到过气候灾难的影响， 这些感觉会更加深刻， 气候灾难导致休克，创伤， 紧张的关系，药物滥用 以及个人身份和控制力的丧失。

00:45

Vital political and technological work is underway to moderate our climate chaos, but I'm here to evoke a feeling in you for why we also need our actions and policies to reflect an understanding of how our changing environments threaten our mental, social and spiritual well-being.

至关重要的政治及科技活动 正在缓和我们的气候混乱， 但是我在这里是为了唤起你们的意识， 为什么我们也需要行动和政策， 以体现我们对不断变化的环境 如何威胁我们的精神、社会 和精神福祉的理解。

01:01

The anxiety, grief and depression of climate scientists and activists have been reported on for years. Trends we've seen after extreme weather events like hurricane Sandy or Katrina for increased PTSD and suicidality. And there are rich mental-health data from northern communities where warming is the fastest, like the Inuit in Labrador, who face existential distress as they witness the ice, a big part of their identity, vanishing before their eyes.

多年来，气候科学家 和活动人士的焦虑、 悲伤和沮丧屡见报端。 我们发现，像飓风桑迪 或卡特里娜等极端天气事件后， PTSD和自杀倾向有增加的趋势。 我们有北部人群丰富的 心理健康数据，他们居住在 天气变暖速度最快的地方， 如生活在拉布拉多的因纽特人们， 他们正面临生存困境， 眼睁睁地看着 最能代表他们身份的冰， 在他们眼前消失。

01:27

Now if that weren't enough, the American Psychological Association says that our psychological responses to climate change, like conflict avoidance, helplessness and resignation, are growing. This means that our conscious and unconscious mental processes are holding us back from identifying the causes of the problem for what they are, working on solutions and fostering our own psychological resilience, but we need all those things to take on what we've created.

如果这还不足够， 据美国心理学会发现， 我们对气候变化的心理反应， 如逃避冲突、无助和顺从正在增长。 这意味着我们有意识和 无意识的心理过程， 阻碍了我们寻找问题的原因， 阻碍了我们寻找解决问题的方法， 阻碍了我们培养自己的心理弹性。 但我们需要这些东西 才能承担我们造成的后果。

01:53

Lately, I've been studying a phenomenon that's just one example of the emotional hardships that we're seeing. And it comes in the form of a question that a significant amount of people in my generation are struggling to answer. That being: Should I have a child in the age of climate change? After all, any child born today will have to live in a world where hurricanes, flooding, wildfires -- what we used to call natural disasters -- have become commonplace.

最近，我一直在研究一种现象， 这只是我们所面临的 情感困境的一个例子。 它以一个问题的形式出现， 这个问题我们这一代的 很多人都很难回答。 那就是： 在气候翻天覆地变化的年代， 我应该生养一个孩子吗? 毕竟，如今出生的任何一个孩子 都必须生活在一个飓风、 洪水、山火—— 即我们过去常说的自然灾害—— 变得司空见惯的世界里。

02:19

The hottest 20 years on record occurred within the last 22. The UN expects that two-thirds of the global population may face water shortages only six years from now. The World Bank predicts that by 2050, there's going to be 140 million climate refugees in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and South Asia. And other estimates put that number at over one billion. Mass migrations and resource scarcity increase the risk for violence, war and political instability. The UN just reported that we are pushing up to a million species to extinction, many within decades, and our emissions are still increasing, even after the Paris Agreement.

有记录以来最热的20年 发生在过去22年中。 联合国预计，仅6年后， 全球2/3的人口 可能面临水资源短缺。 世界银行预测，到2050年， 在撒哈拉以南非洲、拉丁美洲和南亚 将有1.4亿气候难民。 有其他机构预测 这个数字会超过10亿。 大规模移民和资源匮乏 增加了暴力、战争和 政治不稳定的风险。 联合国前不久称，我们正在将 多达100万物种推向灭绝， 就在未来几十年内， 即便签署了《巴黎协定》， 我们的排放量仍在增加。

03:00

Over the last year and a half, I've been conducting workshops and interviews with hundreds of people about parenting in the climate crisis. And I can tell you that people who are worried about having kids because of climate change are not motivated by an ascetic pride. They're nerve-racked.

在过去一年半的时间里， 我一直在举办研讨会， 采访了数百人， 讨论如何在气候危机中为人父母。 我可以告诉你们， 那些因气候变化 而犹豫要不要孩子的人， 并不是因为禁欲主义。 他们只是因为神经紧张。

03:15

There's even a movement called BirthStrike, whose members have declared they're not going to have kids because of the state of the ecological crisis and inaction from governments to address this existential threat. And yes, other generations have also faced their own apocalyptic dangers, but that is no reason to disregard the very real threat to our survival now. Some feel that it's better to adopt children. Or that it's unethical to have more than one, especially three, four or more, because kids increase greenhouse gas emissions.

甚至有一场名为“生育罢工”的运动， 其参与者宣称，他们不会要孩子， 原因是我们面临生态危机， 而政府在应对这种 生存威胁上不作为。 是的，我们的先辈们 也面临过末日危机， 但这并不意味着我们可以忽视 如今所面临的真正威胁。 有些人认为收养孩子更好。 或者生一个以上的孩子是不道德的， 尤其是三个、四个或更多的时候， 因为多生孩子会增加 温室气体的排放。

03:43

Now, it is a really unfortunate state of affairs when people who want kids sacrifice their right to because, somehow, they have been told that their lifestyle choices are to blame when the fault is far more systemic, but let's just unpack the logic here.

这是一种非常不幸的情况， 想要孩子的人们得牺牲他们的权利， 因为，在某种程度上，别人觉得 他们的生活方式是错误的， 但其实这个错误是更加系统化的， 我们详细展开来讲讲。

03:57

So an oft-cited study shows that, on average, having one less child in an industrialized nation can save about 59 tons of carbon dioxide per year. While in comparison, living car-free saves nearly 2.5 tons, avoiding a transatlantic flight -- and this is just one -- saves about 1.5 tons, and eating a plant-based diet can save almost one ton per year. And consider that a Bangladeshi child only adds 56 metric tons of carbon to their parents' carbon legacy over their lifetime, while an American child, in comparison, adds 9,441 to theirs. So this is why some people argue that it's parents from nations with huge carbon footprints who should think the hardest about how many kids they have.

一项经常被引用的 研究表明，平均而言， 在工业化国家少生一个孩子 每年可以减少排放 大约59吨二氧化碳。 相比之下， 不开车可以节省将近2.5吨， 避免跨大西洋飞行 ——只须减少一次—— 可节省约1.5吨， 吃素每年几乎可以节省1吨。 想想看，一个孟加拉国的孩子 一生中为他的父母增加 56吨的碳排放， 而一个美国的孩子 则要增加9441吨。 因此，这就是为什么有些人 认为那些碳足迹巨大国家的父母 最应该认真考虑他们要几个孩子。

04:42

But the decision to have a child and one's feelings about the future are deeply personal, and wrapped up in all sorts of cultural norms, religious beliefs, socioeconomic status, education levels and more. And so to some, this debate about kids in the climate crisis can seem like it came from another planet. Many have more immediate threats to their survival to think about, like, how they're going to put food on the table, when they're a single mom working three jobs, or they're HIV positive or on the move in a migrant caravan. Tragically, though, climate change is really great at intersectionality. It multiplies the stresses marginalized communities already face.

但要不要孩子以及 一个人对未来的感受 是非常个人化的， 与各种文化规范， 宗教信仰、社会经济地位、 教育水平等因素密切相关。 因此，对有些人来说， 在气候危机中这场关于孩子的辩论 就像天方夜谭。 许多人面临着更直接的生存威胁， 比如，如何养活自己的孩子， 如果她是一个打3份工的单身母亲， 或者HIV检测呈阳性， 或者还身处移民队伍中。 然而，可悲的是，气候变化 确实具有很强的交叉性。 它增加了边缘化社区已经面临的压力。

05:19

A political scientist once said to me that a leading indicator that climate change is starting to hit home, psychologically, would be an increase in the rate of informed women deciding to not have children. Interesting. Is it hitting home with you, psychologically?

一位政治学家曾对我说， 气候变化开始从心理上 影响人们的一个主要指标， 就是受过教育的女性 决定不生孩子的比例上升。 这听起来很有趣。 从心理上来说， 这是否对你产生了影响？

05:35

Are you perhaps someone with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress? A climate psychiatrist coined that term, and that's a profession now, by the way, shrinks for climate woes. They're getting work at a time when some high schoolers don't want to apply to university any longer, because they can't foresee a future for themselves. And this brings me back to my main point.

你也许患上了与气候相关的 创伤前应激综合症？ 一个气候精神病学家创造了这个术语， 顺便说一下，这已经是一种职业了， 专治气候心理问题的心理医生。 他们什么时候开始介入呢， 就是当一些高中生 不再申请大学的时候， 因为他们对自己的未来没有信心。 这又回到了我的主要观点。

05:55

The growing concern about having kids in the climate crisis is an urgent indicator of how hard-pressed people are feeling. Right now, students around the world are screaming for change in the piercing voice of despair. And the fact that we can see how we contribute to this problem that makes us feel unsafe is crazy-making in itself. Climate change is all-encompassing and so are the ways that it messes with our minds. Many activists will tell you that the best antidote to grief is activism. And some psychologists will tell you the answer can be found in therapy. Others believe the key is to imagine you're on your deathbed, reflecting back on what's mattered the most in your life, so you can identify what you should do more of now, with the time that you have left. We need all these ideas, and more, to take care of our innermost selves as the environments we've known become more punishing towards us. And whether you have children or not, we need to be honest about what is happening, and what we owe one another. We cannot afford to treat the psychological impacts of climate change as some afterthought, because the other issues, of science, technology and the politics and economy, feel hard, while this somehow feels soft.

越来越多的人担心在 气候危机中生孩子， 这是人们感到压力有多大 的一个紧迫指标。 现在，全世界的学生都在 用绝望的声音 尖叫着要求改变。 我们可以看到自己如何努力， 来解决这个让我们不安的问题， 这件事本身就会让我们疯狂。 气候变化是包罗万象的， 它扰乱我们思维的方式也是如此。 许多积极分子会告诉你 消除悲伤的最好办法就是积极行动。 一些心理学家会告诉你 答案可以在治疗中找到。 另一些人则认为， 关键是想象自己即将死去， 回想一下生命中最重要的事情， 这样你就能确定在剩下的时间里， 应该去做哪些事情。 这些想法我们都需要，更重要的是， 要关注内心深处的自我， 因为我们所熟悉的环境 对我们越来越不利。 无论你有没有孩子， 我们都需要诚实地 面对正在发生的事情， 以及我们对彼此的亏欠。 我们不能把 气候变化的心理影响 看成是还未发生的事情， 因为科学、技术、政治 和经济等其他问题， 感觉很棘手， 而这个问题感觉可以缓一缓。

07:09

Mental health needs to be an integral part of any climate change survival strategy, requiring funding, and ethics of equity and care, and widespread awareness. Because even if you're the most emotionally avoidant person on the planet, there's no rug in the world that's big enough to sweep this up under.

心理健康需要成为 任何气候变化生存战略 的一个组成部分， 需要资金、公平和关怀的伦理 以及广泛的认知。 因为即使你是这个星球上 最没有情绪波动的人， 你也不可能对这一切视而不见。

07:26

Thank you.

谢谢大家

07:27

(Applause)

（鼓掌）