演讲MP3+双语文稿:技术如何改变了聋哑人的生活
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:技术如何改变了聋哑人的生活，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲人及介绍】Rebecca Knill
作家，商业系统顾问经理
【演讲主题】技术如何改变了聋哑人的生活
【演讲文稿-中英文】
Translated by Joyce He Reviewed by WantingZhong
00:13
My name is Rebecca, and I'm a cyborg.
我的名字是丽贝卡，我是个赛博格（改造人）。
00:16
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:19
Specifically, I have 32 computer chipsinside my head, which rebuild my sense of hearing. This is called a cochlearimplant. You remember the Borg from Star Trek, those aliens who conquered andabsorbed everything in sight? Well, that's me.
确切地说，在我的脑袋里有 32 个电脑芯片，用来重建我的听觉。这被称作人工耳蜗。你们都记得《星际迷航》中的博格人（半活体半机械的生化人）吧，那些外星人征服并同化了一切生灵。嗯，那就是我。
00:38
(Laughter)
（笑）
00:40
The good news is I come for your technologyand not for your human life-forms.
好消息是，我想要的是你们的科技 而不是你们的生命形态。
00:45
(Laughter)
（笑）
00:47
Actually, I've never seen an episode ofStar Trek.
事实上，我一集《星际迷航》都没看过。
00:50
(Laughter)
（笑）
00:52
But there's a reason for that: televisionwasn't closed-captioned when I was a kid. I grew up profoundly deaf. I went toregular schools, and I had to lip-read. I didn't meet another deaf person untilI was 20. Electronics were mostly audio back then. My alarm clock was my sisterBarbara, who would set her alarm and then throw something at me to wake up.
这是有原因的：当我还小的时候，电视上还没有字幕。我从小就严重失聪了。我去普通的学校上学，但是得观唇辨意。直到我 20 岁时才遇到另一个耳聋的人。当时的电子设备几乎还都是以声音为主的。我的闹钟是我的姐姐芭芭拉，她会设好她的闹钟，然后朝我扔东西把我弄醒。
01:16
(Laughter)
（笑）
01:19
My hearing aids were industrial-strength,sledgehammer volume, but they helped me more than they helped most people. Withthem, I could hear music and the sound of my own voice. I've always liked theidea that technology can help make the world more human. I used to watch thestereo flash color when the music shifted, and I knew it was just a matter oftime before my watch could show me sound, too.
我的助听装置是工业标准的，音量震耳欲聋，但是它们对我的帮助比对其他人的帮助更大。有了它们，我能听到音乐和自己的声音。我一直喜欢“科技可以让世界变得更人性化”这个想法。我以前会看着立体声音响在音乐变化时闪烁颜色，我知道我的手表迟早也能通过类似的方式“发出声音”。
01:49
Did you know that hearing occurs in thebrain? In your ear is a small organ called the cochlea, and the cochlea islined with thousands of receptors called hair cells. When sound enters yourear, those hair cells, they send electric signals to your brain, and your brainthen interprets that as sound. Hair-cell damage is really common: noiseexposure, ordinary aging, illness. My hair cells were damaged before I was evenborn. My mother was exposed to German measles when she was pregnant with me.About five percent of the world has significant hearing loss. By 2050, that'sexpected to double to over 900 million people, or one in 10. For seniors, it'salready one out of three.
你们知道听觉产生于大脑吗？在你们的耳朵里有个很小的器官，叫做耳蜗，耳蜗内排列着几千个感受器，被称为毛细胞。当声音进入你的耳朵时，这些毛细胞就会把电信号传送到你的大脑，然后大脑会将这些电信号转译成声音。毛细胞损坏很常见：过量的噪音，正常衰老，疾病都会导致毛细胞损坏。我的毛细胞甚至在我出生前就损坏了。我母亲怀我的时候得了风疹。全世界大约有 5% 的人都有严重的听力丧失问题。到了 2050 年，这个人数将翻倍至超过 9 亿人，即十分之一的几率。对于老年人来说，听觉受损的几率已经是三分之一。
02:43
With a cochlear implant, computer chips dothe job for the damaged hair cells. Imagine a box of 16 crayons, and those 16crayons, in combination, have to make all of the colors in the universe. Samewith the cochlear implant. I have 16 electrodes in each of my cochleas. Those16 electrodes, in combination, send signals to my brain, representing all ofthe sounds in the universe. I have electronics inside and outside of my head tomake that happen, including a small processor, magnets inside my skull and arechargeable power source. Radio waves transmit sound through the magnets. Thenumber one question that I get about the cochlear implant when people hearabout the magnets is whether my head sticks to the refrigerator.
有了人工耳蜗，电脑芯片就会代替受损的耳毛细胞。想象有 16 支彩色蜡笔，这 16 支蜡笔组合起来，要负责生成宇宙中所有的颜色。人工耳蜗的原理与之类似。在我的每个耳蜗中都有 16 个电极。这 16 个电极组合起来，向我的大脑传输信号，模拟出宇宙中所有种类的声响。我的大脑内外都有电子设备以实现这一点，其中包括一个小型处理器，即安装在颅骨内的一组磁铁，和一个可充电的电源。无线电波通过这些磁铁传送声音。当人们听说人工耳蜗会用到磁铁的时候，问我最多的一个问题就是：我的头会不会被吸到冰箱上去。
03:41
(Laughter)
（笑）
03:47
No, it does not.
不，并不会。
03:49
(Laughter)
（笑）
03:51
(Applause)
（掌声）
03:52
Thank you, thank you.
谢谢，谢谢大家。
03:55
(Applause)
（掌声）
03:56
I know this, because I tried.
我知道，因为我试过。
03:58
(Laughter)
（笑）
04:00
Hearing people assume that the Deaf live ina perpetual state of wanting to hear, because they can't imagine any other way.But I've never once wished to be hearing. I just wanted to be part of acommunity like me. I wanted everyone else to be deaf. I think that sense ofbelonging is what ultimately connects our stories, and mine felt incomplete.
听力正常的人往往以为耳聋的人处于一种永无止境的对听觉的渴求，因为他们也想不到除此之外还能怎样了。但我从没有过哪怕一次希望能听见。我只想处于一个与我情况类似的社群中。我希望大家都听不见。我认为归属感才能最终连接起大家的故事，而我没有这种归属感。
04:26
When cochlear implants first got going,back in the '80s, the operation was Frankenstein-monster scary. By 2001, theprocedure had evolved considerably, but it still wiped out any natural hearingthat you had. The success rate then for speech comprehension was low, maybe 50percent. So if it didn't work, you couldn't go back. At that time, implantswere also controversial in the Deaf culture. Basically, it was considered theequivalent of changing the color of your skin.
人造耳蜗最开始投入使用是在 80 年代，手术过程就像弗兰肯斯坦（科学怪人）造怪物一样恐怖。到了 2001 年，手术过程得到了很大的改进，但它还是会抹去你原有的全部听觉。那时人造耳蜗对于理解语言的成功率还很低，大概只有 50%。所以如果它不成功的话，你也无法回到以前的状态了。在那时，在听障人群的圈子里，耳蜗植入还是颇有争议的。因为人们认为植入耳蜗无异于改变你皮肤的颜色。
05:05
I held off for a while, but my hearing wasgoing downhill fast, and hearing aids were no longer helping. So in 2003, Imade the tough decision to have the cochlear implant. I just needed to stopthat soul-sucking cycle of loss, regardless of whether the operation worked,and I really didn't think that it would. I saw it as one last box to check offbefore I made the transition to being completely deaf, which a part of mewanted.
我犹豫了一段时间，但后来我听力下降的速度太快，我的助听装置已经帮不了我了。所以在 2003 年，我做出了一个艰难的决定，去植入人造耳蜗。不管手术是否会成功，我只想结束这种令人心力交瘁的缺失感，我也真的没想到它会成功。我把它看作是我变得彻底失聪前要做的最后一件事；我的某一部分其实渴望自己完全失聪。
05:42
Complete silence is very addictive. Maybeyou've spent time in a sensory deprivation tank, and you know what I mean.Silence has mind-expanding capabilities. In silence, I see sound. When I watcha music video without sound, I can hear music. In the absence of sound, mybrain fills in the gaps based on the movement I see. My mind is no longercompeting with the distraction of sound. It's freed up to think morecreatively.
绝对的寂静会让人上瘾。如果你曾体验过感官剥夺箱，【注：在隔光隔音箱子的盐水中漂浮】你就知道我指的是什么了。寂静具有开拓人心智的能力。在寂静中，我能看见声音。当我观看一段没有声音的音乐录像带时，我能听见音乐声。在没有声音时，我的大脑会根据我所看到的律动为我填补那段空白。我的大脑没有了声音的干扰，具有了更自由的想象空间。
06:20
There are advantages to having bionic bodyparts as well. It's undeniably convenient to be able to hear, and I can turn itoff any time I want.
人体仿生装置也有它们的优点。不可否认的，听觉能为我带来方便，而且我可以随时关掉它们。
06:29
(Laughter)
（笑）
06:31
I'm hearing when I need to be, and the restof the time, I'm not. Bionic hearing doesn't age, although external partssometimes need replacement. It would be so cool to just automaticallyregenerate a damaged part like a real cyborg, but I get mine FedExed fromAdvanced Bionics.
我仅在需要的时候开启听力，其他时候则保持关闭。仿生听觉不会随年龄增加而退化，尽管某些外部配件有时需要被更换。要是我能像一个真的赛博格（改造人）一样自动再生损坏的部件，那估计会很酷吧，可我的部件是由高级仿生公司用联邦快递寄过来的。
06:51
(Laughter)
（笑）
06:53
Oh, I get updates downloaded into my head.
对了，那些部件的更新是直接下载到我的脑子里的。
06:59
(Laughter)
（笑）
07:00
It's not quite AirDrop -- but close.
虽然不完全是蓝牙传输，但也差不多了。
07:03
(Laughter)
（笑）
07:05
With the cochlear implant, I can streammusic from my iPod into my head without earbuds. Recently, I went to a friend'slong, tedious concert ...
有了人工耳蜗，我不需要戴耳机就能用 iPod 在脑子里播放音乐。最近，我去听了一位朋友冗长而又乏味的音乐会……
07:17
(Laughter)
（笑）
07:19
and unknown to anyone else, I listened tothe Beatles for three hours instead.
没有人知道，我其实在那儿听了三小时甲壳虫乐队的歌。
07:24
(Laughter)
（笑）
07:25
(Applause)
（掌声）
07:31
Technology has come so far so fast. Thebiggest obstacle I face as a deaf person is no longer a physical barrier. It'sthe way that people respond to my deafness, the outdated way people respond tomy deafness -- pity, patronization, even anger -- because that just cancels outthe human connection that technology achieves.
科技以极快的速度发展到了今天。作为一个耳聋的人，我所遇到的最大障碍已经不是物理层面的了。而是他人对我耳聋的态度，人们对我耳聋的那种一成不变的过时态度——怜悯，屈尊，甚至是愤怒——这些态度直接抵消了科技进步所带来的人与人之间的连接。
07:59
I once had a travel roommate who had acomplete temper tantrum, because I didn't hear her knocking on the door whenher key didn't work. If I hadn't been there, no problem, she could get anotherkey, but when she saw that I was there, her anger boiled over. It was no longerabout a key. It was about deafness not being a good enough reason for herinconvenience.
我曾经有个旅友，有一次她大发脾气，因为当她的钥匙开不了门时，我没听见她敲门的声音。如果我不在场就没什么大不了的，她会再领一把新的钥匙，但当她看见我就在屋里时，她突然变得怒火中烧。那已经不是一把钥匙的问题了。她觉得我耳聋并不是造成她不方便的 充足理由。
08:25
Or the commercial about the deaf man whoseneighborhood surprised him with sign language messages from people on thestreet. Everyone who sent me the video told me they cried, so I asked them,"Well, what if he wasn't deaf? What if his first language was Spanish, andeveryone learned Spanish instead? Would you have cried?" And they all saidno. They weren't crying because of the communication barrier, they were cryingbecause the man was deaf.
有一则关于失聪者的电视广告，广告里街上的人们都以手语和他交流，这使他感到惊讶与感动。每个发我那段视频的人都说把他们看哭了，于是我问他们，“那么，要是他没有听觉障碍呢？要是他的第一语言是西班牙语，大家都去学西班牙语，而不是手语和他交流呢？你还会哭吗？” 他们说不会。让他们落泪的并不是沟通障碍，而是那个人听不见的这个事实。
08:55
But I see it differently. What if the Borgshowed up in that video, and the Borg said, "Deafness is irrelevant."Because that's what they say, right? Everything's "irrelevant." Andthen the Borg assimilated the deaf guy -- not out of pity, not out of anger,but because he had a biological distinctiveness that the Borg wanted, includingunique language capabilities. I would much rather see that commercial.
但我看问题的角度和他们不同，如果博格人出现在了那段视频中，说“耳聋是无关紧要的”。他们总说这种话，对吧？每件事对他们来说都是“无关紧要的”。然后博格人就把那个耳聋的年轻人同化了——并不是出于怜悯或愤怒，只是因为他有博格人想要的生物特性，包括独特的语言能力。我更宁愿看到那种广告出现。
09:26
(Laughter)
（笑）
09:28
Why does thinking about ability make peopleso uncomfortable? You might know a play, later a movie, called "Childrenof a Lesser God," by Mark Medoff. That play, that title, actually comesfrom a poem by Alfred Tennyson, and I interpret both the play and title to saythat humans who are perceived as defective were made by a lesser God and livean inferior existence, while those made by the real God are a superior class,because God doesn't make mistakes.
为什么一提到残障，人们就会感到这么不自在？你也许听说过这部戏剧，后来被改编成了电影，叫作《失宠于上帝的孩子们》，编剧是马克·麦多福（Mark Medoff）。这部戏剧和标题其实出自丁尼生（Tennyson）的一首诗，我对它们的解读是，那些被视为有缺陷的人是由次等神创造出来的，他们的存在低人一等，而那些由真正的神所创造出的人类则是更优越的存在，因为神是不会犯错的。
10:06
In World War II, an estimated 275,000people with disabilities were murdered in special death camps, because theydidn't fit Hitler's vision of a superior race. Hitler said that he was inspiredby the United States, which had enacted involuntary sterilization laws for"the unfit" in the early 1900s. That practice continued in more than30 states until the '70s, with the last law finally repealed in 2003. So theworld is not that far removed from Tennyson's poem.
在二战时期，大约有 27.5 万身体有残疾的人被带到死亡集中营中处死了，因为他们不符合希特勒对于“优秀民族”的构想。希特勒说他其实是受到了美国人的启发，美国在 20 世纪初通过了针对与优生学不符人群的非自愿绝育法，在超过 30 个州实行，并持续到了 70 年代，直到 2003 年才被完全废除。所以这个世界离丁尼生的诗歌所描述的也没有那么远。
10:49
That tendency to make assumptions aboutpeople based on ability comes out in sentences like "You're sospecial," "I couldn't live like that" or "Thank God that'snot me."
那种根据能力来对人做出假设的倾向会让人说出诸如 “你可真特别”，“我要是这样可活不下去”，或是“感谢上帝，这种事没发生在我身上”这样的话。
11:05
Changing how people think is like gettingthem to break a habit. Before the implant, I had stopped using the voicetelephone and switched to email, but people kept leaving me voice mail. Theywere upset that I was unreachable by phone and not returning messages. Icontinued to tell them my situation. It took them months to adapt. Fast-forward10 years, and you know who else hated voice mail? Millennials.
改变人们思考的方式就像是让他们戒除某种习惯一样。在耳蜗植入前，我已停止使用语音电话，转而使用电子邮件，但人们还是继续给我留电话留言。他们会因我不接电话，不回他们信息而生气。我不断地向他们解释我的情况。他们还是花了数月才适应。往前快进十年，你们知道还有谁也痛恨语音信箱吗？千禧一代。
11:36
(Laughter)
（笑）
11:39
And you know what they did? They normalizedtexting for communication instead. Now, when it comes to ignoring voice mail,it no longer matters whether you're deaf or just self-absorbed.
你知道他们怎么做吗？他们把短信变成了普遍的沟通手段。所以现在谁要是不回语音信箱，那他既可能是因为耳聋，也可能是因为他只顾自己。
11:52
(Laughter)
（笑）
11:56
(Applause)
（掌声）
12:03
Millennials changed how people think aboutmessaging. They reset the default. Can I just tell you how much I love texting?Oh, and group texts. I have six siblings -- they're all hearing, but I don'tthink any less of them.
千禧一代改变了人们对讯息传递的看法。他们重置了默认值。你们知道我有多爱发短信吗？还有群发。我有六个兄弟姐妹——他们都听得见，但我从不会因此看不起他们。
12:21
(Laughter)
（笑）
12:23
And we all text. Do you know how thrillingit is to have a visual means of communication that everyone else actually uses?
而我们都发短信交流。你知道有这种大家都用来沟通的视觉方法有多令我感到激动吗？
12:32
So I am on a mission now. As a consumer oftechnology, I want visual options whenever there's audio. It doesn't matterwhether I'm deaf or don't want to wake the baby. Both are equally valid. Smartdesigners include multiple ways to access technology, but segregating thataccess under "accessibility" -- that's just hiding it from mainstreamusers. In order to change how people think, we need to be more than accessible,we need to be connected. Apple did this recently. On my iPhone, itautomatically displays a visual transcript of my voice mail, right next to theaudio button. I couldn't turn it off even if I wanted to. You know what else? Netflix,Hulu, Amazon Prime no longer say "Closed-captioned for the hearingimpaired." They say "subtitles," "on" or"off," with a list of languages underneath, including English.
所以我现在正执行一项使命。作为一名科技的使用者，只要一件产品有声音选项，我就会要求它也具备视觉选项。这种视觉选项的出现究竟是为了照顾耳聋者，还是因为父母不想吵醒婴儿并不重要。这两类人希望有这种选项都是很合理的。聪明的设计师会制造多种方式 让使用者能接触到科技，而把这种接触科技的方式 分到“无障碍功能”底下—— 其实是把它们藏到 主流用户看不见的地方。为了改变人们的思考方式，我们不止需要“无障碍功能”，我们更需要彼此之间的连接。苹果公司最近做到了这些。在我的苹果手机上，它会在语音按钮旁边自动显示 我语音信箱的文字版本。就算我想关掉它也做不到。你知道还有什么别的吗？ Netflix, Hulu（视频网站）, Amazon Prime （亚马逊金牌服务）都不再显示 “为听障人士提供的字幕”。而是“字幕”，“开启”或“关闭”，下面还有多种语言选项，包括英语。
13:38
Technology has come so far. Our mindsetjust needs to catch up. "Resistance is futile."
科技已经发展至此了。我们的思维模式只需要跟上它的节奏。“抵抗是无效的”。（博格人口头禅
13:47
(Laughter)
（笑）
13:48
You have been assimilated.
你们已经被同化了。
13:50
(Laughter)
（笑）
13:52
Thank you.
（谢谢）
13:53
(Applause)
（掌声）
