演讲MP3+双语文稿:下一场全球农业革命
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:下一场全球农业革命，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲者及介绍】Bruce Friedrich
布鲁斯·弗里德里希（Bruce Friedrich）计划以自己的方式与肉类行业竞争——创造出与传统肉类口味相同或更好、价格更低的替代品
【演讲主题】下一场全球农业革命
【中英文字幕】
翻译者 x my 校对者 Ziyao Wang
00:14
In 2019, humanity received a warning: 30 ofthe world's leading scientists released the results of a massive three-yearstudy into global agriculture and declared that meat production is destroyingour planet and jeopardizing global health. One of the study's authors explainedthat "humanity now poses a threat to the stability of the planet ... [Thisrequires] nothing less than a new global agricultural ."
2019年，人类了收到一个警告，30位世界顶尖的科学家发布了一项对全球农业长达三年的 研究结果，宣称肉类的生产正在摧毁我们的家园，并危害全球安全。该研究的一位作者解释说：“人类正在危害地球的稳定... （为解决问题）我们需要一场新的世界农业革命。“
00:41
As somebody who's spent the last twodecades advocating a shift away from industrial meat production, I wanted tobelieve that this clarion call was going to make a difference. The thing is,I've seen this sort of thing again and again and again for decades.
作为一个把过去二十年的时间都花在倡议工业肉类生产转型的人，我曾经相信这个号召会带来些许改变。然而，几十年来此类事件还是反复发生。
01:07
The main point of these studies tends to beclimate change. But antibiotic resistance represents just as big of a threat.We are feeding massive doses of antibiotics to farm animals. These antibioticsare then mutating into superbugs that threaten to render antibiotics obsoletewithin all of our lifetimes. You want a scare? Google: "the end of workingantibiotics."
这些研究的重点都是气候变化。但抗生素耐药性也是一个很大的威胁。我们给农场动物喂食大量的抗生素。这些抗生素随后转变为超级细菌，使得我们有生之年研究出的抗生素都不再有效。想知道后果吗？可以去百度一下 “有效抗生素的终结”。
01:33
I'm going to get one thing out of the way:I am not here to tell anybody what to eat. Individual action is great, butantibiotic resistance and climate change -- they require more. Besides,convincing the world to eat less meat hasn't worked. For 50 years,environmentalists, global health experts and animal activists have been beggingthe public to eat less meat. And yet, per capita meat consumption is as high asit's been in recorded history. The average North American last year ate morethan 200 pounds of meat. And I didn't eat any.
我想说明的是：我不是来教大家该吃什么的。个体行为固然很好，但是要解决抗生素耐药性和气候变化问题——这还远远不够。并且，劝大家少吃肉是没有效果的。50多年来，环境学家，国际卫生专家以及动物保护者一直苦口婆心地劝告大家少吃肉。然而，人均肉类消耗量自有历史记载以来一直都居高不下。去年北美人均消耗肉类 200多磅（约90.7kg）。我可一点肉都没吃。
02:11
Which means somebody out there ate 400pounds of meat.
这意味着有人吃了400磅。
02:14
（Laughter）
（笑声）
02:16
On our current trajectory, we're going toneed to be producing 70 to 100 percent more meat by 2050. This requires aglobal solution. What we need to do is we need to produce the meat that peoplelove, but we need to produce it in a whole new way. I've got a couple of ideas.
以目前的趋势来看，到2050年，我们生产的肉类要比现在多70％-100％。这个问题需要全人类一起解决。我们需要做的是，生产人们喜爱的肉类，不过我们要以一种全新的方式生产。我有几个主意。
02:35
Idea number one: let's grow meat fromplants. Instead of growing plants, feeding them to animals, and all of thatinefficiency, let's grow those plants, let's biomimic meat with them, let'smake plant-based meat. Idea number two: for actual animal meat, let's grow itdirectly from cells. Instead of growing live animals, let's grow the cellsdirectly. It takes six weeks to grow a chicken to slaughter weight. Grow thecells directly, you can get that same growth in six days. This is what thatlooks like at scale. It's your friendly neighborhood meat brewery.
其一：从植物中生产肉。不再把植物当作动物饲料，那样效率太低了。我们可以种植物，然后仿生肉类，做出素肉。其二：如果想做真的肉，我们可以用细胞培育。而不是养殖牲畜，我们直接培育细胞。将鸡养到可以屠宰的重量需要六周。直接培育细胞的话，要达到同样大小，只需六天。这就是规模化的生产过程。就像是你家附近美妙的肉类“啤酒厂”。
03:10
（Laughter）
（笑声）
03:13
I want to make two points about this. Thefirst one is, we believe we can do it. In recent years, some companies havebeen producing meat from plants that consumers cannot distinguish from actualanimal meat, and there are now dozens of companies growing actual animal meatdirectly from cells. This plant-based and cell-based meat gives consumerseverything that they love about meat -- the taste, the texture and so on -- butwith no need for antibiotics and with a fraction of the adverse impact on theclimate. And because these two technologies are so much more efficient, atproduction scale these products will be cheaper.
我想说的有两点。一是：我们相信我们能够做到。近年来，有些公司已经在生产素肉了，消费者分别不出素肉和真肉口感的区别。并且，有一批工厂已经直接从细胞中生产肉类。素肉和细胞肉能还提供消费者喜爱的关于肉的一切——味道，质地，等等。但不需要抗生素，对地球气候也只有很小的影响。由于这两项技术生产肉类效率如此高，如果大规模生产，肉类产品会更便宜。
03:51
But one quick point about that -- it's notgoing to be easy. These plant-based companies have spent small fortunes ontheir burgers, and cell-based meat has not yet been commercialized at all. So we'regoing to need all hands on deck to make these the global meat industry.
但是要知道，这项技术不那么简单。生产素肉的公司已经在产品上投入大笔资金，细胞肉也没有完全进入市场。所以我们需要所有人共同努力，来建造全球范围的产业。
04:08
For starters, we need the present meatindustry. We don't want to disrupt the meat industry, we want to transform it.We need their economies of scale, their global supply chain, their marketingexpertise and their massive consumer base.
首先，我们仍需要现存的肉类产业。我们不想干扰肉类产业，我们想要它转型。我们需要他们的经济规模，他们的全球供应链，营销技术，以及广大消费者的基础。
04:23
We also need governments. Governments spendtens of billions of dollars every single year on research and developmentfocused on global health and the environment. They should be putting some ofthat money into optimizing and perfecting the production of plant-based andcell-based meat.
我们还需要各国政府的支持。各国政府每年在全球健康和环境方面的研究和开发上花费了数百亿美元。他们应该把部分资金用来优化和完善素肉和细胞肉的生产。
04:42
Look, tens of thousands of people died fromantibiotic-resistant superbugs in North America just last year. By 2050, thatnumber is going to be 10 million per year globally. And climate changerepresents an existential threat to huge portions of our global family,including some of the poorest people on the face of the planet.
在北美，仅仅去年一年，就有数以万计的人们死于有抗生素耐药性的超级病菌。到2050年，该数字会达到每年全球数千万。还有，气候变化对全球很多家庭构成了毁灭性的威胁，这里面包括一部分全球最贫困人口。
05:08
Climate change, antibiotic resistance --these are global emergencies. Meat production is exacerbating these emergencieson a global scale. But we are not going to decrease meat consumption unless wegive consumers alternatives that cost the same or less and that taste the sameor better.
气候变化、抗生素耐药性都是全球性紧急事件。肉类生产恶化了它们的紧急程度。但我们不会减少肉类消耗，除非我们能提供给消费者一些同样价钱或更加便宜，口味相同或更好的替代品。
05:28
We have the solution. Let's make meat fromplants. Let's grow it directly from cells. It's past time that we mobilize theresources that are necessary to create the next global agricultural .
我们有解决方案。让我们用植物生产肉，或直接用细胞培育。我们已经动用了所需的资源，是时候进行下一场全球农业革命了。
05:43
Thank you.
谢谢。
05:44
（Applause）
（掌声）
