演讲MP3+双语文稿:以援助失学女童为己任
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:以援助失学女童为己任，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲者及介绍】Safeena Husain
社会企业家Safeena Husain与南美洲、非洲和亚洲的农村和城市服务不足的社区进行了广泛的合作。回到印度后，她选择了最贴近自己内心的议程——女童教育——并创立了“女童教育”。
【演讲主题】一项为印度160万失学女童赋权的计划
【中英文字幕】
翻译者Jiasi Hao 校对者 psjmz mz
00:14
The world today has many problems. Andthey're all very complicated and interconnected and difficult. But there issomething we can do. I believe that girls' education is the closest thing wehave to a silver bullet to help solve some of the world's most difficultproblems. But you don't have to take my word for it.
当今世界有许多问题。它们都非常错综复杂并且难以解决，但是我们依旧可以做些事情。我相信，对女孩的教育就是我们最需要的灵丹妙药，可以帮助我们解决一些世界上最棘手的问题。但各位不必急着相信我的话。
00:38
The World Bank says that girls' educationis one of the best investments that a country can make. It helps to positivelyimpact nine of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Everything from health,nutrition, employment -- all of these are positively impacted when girls areeducated. Additionally, climate scientists have recently rated girls' educationat number six out of 80 actions to reverse global warming. At number six, it'srated higher than solar panels and electric cars.
世界银行说，对一个国家而言，女童教育是最好的投资之一。它能够积极地影响17个可持续发展目标中的9个目标。一切事情，健康、营养、就业——当女孩们得到教育，所有这些都能被积极地影响，另外，气候科学家最近将女童教育排在 逆转全球变暖的80项举措中的第6位。这个排名比太阳能板和电动汽车还要高。
01:18
And that's because when girls are educated,they have smaller families, and the resulting reduction in population reducescarbon emissions significantly. But more than that, you know, it's a problem wehave to solve once. Because an educated mother is more than twice as likely toeducate her children. Which means that by doing it once, we can close thegender and literacy gap forever.
这是因为当女孩们受到教育后，她们组建的家庭变小，因此导致的人口减少可以极大程度降低碳排放。另外，这还是一个必须解决的问题。因为一个受教育的母亲让孩子接受教育的可能性是未受教育母亲的两倍以上。这意味着一次努力，我们就能永久结束性别和文盲的差距。
01:48
I work in India, which has made incredibleprogress in bringing elementary education for all. However, we still have fourmillion out-of-school girls, one of the highest in the world. And girls are outof school because of, obviously poverty, social, cultural factors. But there'salso this underlying factor of mindset. I have met a girl whose name was NaraazNath. Naaraaz means angry. And when I asked her, "Why is your name 'angry'?"she said, "Because everybody was so angry when a girl was born."Another girl called Antim Bala, which means the last girl. Because everybodyhoped that would be the last girl to be born. A girl called Aachuki. It meanssomebody who has arrived. Not wanted, but arrived. And it is this mindset thatkeeps girls from school or completing their education. It's this belief that agoat is an asset and a girl is a liability.
我在印度工作，那里在全民初等教育的方面已经取得了不可思议的进步。但是，我们依旧有 400万失学女孩，是世界上失学女童人数最多的国家之一。女孩们失学，显然因为贫困，社会和文化因素，但也有思维方式的根本性因素。我遇见过一个叫 Naraaz Nath 的女孩，“Naraaz”是“生气”的意思。我问她：“为什么你的名字有‘生气’？”她说：“因为当出生的是女孩时，每个人都很生气。”另一个女孩叫 Antim Bala，意思是“最后一个女孩”。因为每个人都希望这是最后一个女儿。一个叫 Aachuki 的女孩，名字是“某人到达”的意思。不是“被需要”，而是“到达”。就是这样的思维模式让女童们失学，或是无法完成学业。这样的信念认为：羊是资产，女孩是负债。
02:57
My organization Educate Girls works tochange this. And we work in some of the most difficult, rural, remote andtribal villages. And how do we do it? We first and foremost find young,passionate, educated youth from the same villages. Both men and women. And wecall them Team Balika, balika just means the girl child, so this is a team thatwe are creating for the girl child. And so once we recruit our communityvolunteers, we train them, we mentor them, we hand-hold them. That's when ourwork starts. And the first piece we do is about identifying every single girlwho's not going to school.
我的组织“教育女童（Educate Girls）”旨在改变这个思维模式。我们在一些生活条件最艰苦，最偏远的的村庄里工作。我们是怎么做的？首先就是要 寻找来自同一村庄的年轻、热情，受过教育的年轻人，包括男性和女性。我们叫他们 Balika 团队，Balika 是小女孩的意思，所以这是一个我们为女童创建的小组。一旦招到了社区志愿者，我们会训练他们，辅导他们，手把手教他们。我们的工作就此展开。第一步就是识别每个失学的女孩的身份。
03:39
But the way we do it is a little differentand high-tech, at least in my view. Each of our frontline staff have asmartphone. It has its own Educate Girls app. And this app has everything thatour team needs. It has digital maps of where they're going to be conducting thesurvey, it has the survey in it, all the questions, little guides on how bestto conduct the survey, so that the data that comes to us is in real time and isof good quality. So armed with this, our teams and our volunteers godoor-to-door to every single household to find every single girl who may eitherwe never enrolled or dropped out of school.
但是我们的方法有一些不同，我们使用了高科技手段，至少在我看来是这样。我们每个前线的员工都有一个智能手机，装有我们组织的 app。这个 app 能满足我们团队所有的工作需要：它有数字地图功能，可以显示团队将开展调研的地方，它存有问卷和所有的问题，还会提供如何进行最佳有效调查的指南，这样一来，高质量的数据就能够实时地传给我们。有了如此装备，我们团队和志愿者们开始每家每户登门拜访，去寻找每个从未入学或半路辍学的女孩。
04:21
And because we have this data andtechnology piece, very quickly we can figure out who the girls are and wherethey are. Because each of our villages are geotagged, and we can actually buildthat information out very, very quickly. And so once we know where the girlsare, we actually start the process of bringing them back into school. And thatactually is just our community mobilization process, it starts with villagemeetings, neighborhood meetings, and as you see, individual counseling ofparents and families, to be able to bring the girls back into school. And thiscan take anything from a few weeks to a few months.
因为我们拥有数据技术，很快就能够知道这些女孩的身份和住址。因为我们每个村庄都有地理标记，我们可以非常非常快地建立那些信息。一旦我们知道那些女孩的住址，我们就开始了“带她们回学校”的流程。这就是我们社区动员的过程，开始于乡村会议，社区集会，还有针对每一个家庭的咨询，来帮助那些女孩回到校园。这个过程需要几周，甚至几个月的时间。
05:00
And once we bring the girls into the schoolsystem, we also work with the schools to make sure that schools have all thebasic infrastructure so that the girls will be able to stay. And this wouldinclude a separate toilet for girls, drinking water, things that will help themto be retained. But all of this would be useless if our children weren'tlearning. So we actually run a learning program. And this is a supplementarylearning program, and it's very, very important, because most of our childrenare first-generation learners. That means there's nobody at home to help themwith homework, there's nobody who can support their education. Their parentscan't read and write. So it's really, really key that we do the support of thelearning in the classrooms.
一旦我们让女孩们入学，我们也开始了和学校的合作，确保学校能提供所有必需的基础设施，让那些女孩们得以留在学校。其中包括女孩们的独立厕所，饮用水，各种能帮助她们留下的东西。但如果这些孩子无法学习，那么所有的这一切都将白费。所以我们开展了一个学习项目。这是配套补充的学习项目，非常，非常重要。因为我们大部分小孩是第一代学习者，这意味着在家没人能够辅导她们的作业，没人能支持她们的教育。她们的父母无法读写。所以，我们能在课堂上支持她们的学习真的非常关键。
05:45
So this is essentially our model, in termsof finding, bringing the girls in, making sure that they're staying andlearning. And we know that our model works. And we know this because a mostrecent randomized control evaluation confirms its efficacy. Our evaluator foundthat over a three-year period Educate Girls was able to bring back 92 percentof all out-of-school girls back into school.
这就是我们整个项目的模型，从寻找失学女童，带她们返回校园，到确保她们能够留下并且学习。我们知道这个模型是有用的。我们知道，是因为一个最近的随机对照评估证实了模型的有效性。我们的评估人发现，在三年中，"教育女童"帮助了 92% 的失学女孩返回校园。
06:14
(Applause)
（掌声）
06:20
And in terms of learning, our children'slearning went up significantly as compared to control schools. So much so, thatit was like an additional year of schooling for the average student. And that'senormous, when you think about a tribal child who's entering the school systemfor the first time.
至于学习，我们的孩子们的学习能力相比对照组学校有显著提高。这种提高程度相当于是普通学生多了上一年的学。这是一个了不起的成就，想想一个部落女孩，第一次在学校系统中注册。
06:39
So here we have a model that works; we knowit's scalable, because we are already functioning at 13,000 villages. We knowit's smart, because of the use of data and technology. We know that it'ssustainable and systemic, because we work in partnership with the community,it's actually led by the community. And we work in partnership with thegovernment, so there's no creation of a parallel delivery system. And sobecause we have this innovative partnership with the community, the government,this smart model, we have this big, audacious dream today. And that is to solvea full 40 percent of the problem of out-of-school girls in India in the nextfive years.
我们有一个有效的模型，而且我们知道这是可规模化的，因为我们已经在 13000 个村庄实行了该项目。而且在数据和技术的辅助下，我们的方法也是智能的。我们知道这是可持续且系统化的，因为我们与社区的合作事实上是由社区主导的。我们也和政府合作，因此没有平行运作系统的存在。正因为这种和社区、政府之间创新的合作关系和模型，我们今天才能大胆设想，在未来5年，解决 40% 的印度失学女童问题。
07:25
(Applause)
（掌声）
07:32
And you're thinking, that's a little ...You know, how am I even thinking about doing that, because India is not a smallplace, it's a huge country. It's a country of over a billion people. We have650,000 villages. How is it that I'm standing here, saying that one smallorganization is going to solve a full 40 percent of the problem? And that'sbecause we have a key insight. And that is, because of our entire approach,with data and with technology, that five percent of villages in India have 40percent of the out-of-school girls. And this is a big, big piece of the puzzle.Which means, I don't have to work across the entire country. I have to work inthose five percent of the villages, about 35,000 villages, to actually be ableto solve a large piece of the problem. And that's really key, because thesevillages not only have high burden of out-of-school girls, but also a lot ofrelated indicators, right, like malnutrition, stunting, poverty, infantmortality, child marriage. So by working and focusing here, you can actuallycreate a large multiplier effect across all of these indicators. And it wouldmean that we would be able to bring back 1.6 million girls back into school.
你可能在想，这个数字并不大……然而，如果我告诉你，我甚至在想要如何完成这一目标，因为印度不是一个小地方，而是一个大国，是一个拥有十多亿人口的大国。我们有 65 万个村庄。那么我现在站在这里，说我们一个小小的组织将要解决整整 40% 的问题，你又会作何感想？这是因为我们有一个关键的洞察，那就是，依靠我们这一整套和数据与技术相结合的方法，我们知道印度 5% 的村庄有 40% 的失学女童。这是整个拼图中很大很大的一片。这意味着，我并不需要在整个国家实行该项目，只要集中精力在那 5% ，也就是大概 35000 个村庄，就能够在实质上解决大部分问题。这真的很关键，因为这些村庄不仅背负着失学女童的重担，也同时面临很多相关问题，比如营养不良，生长迟缓，贫困，高婴儿死亡率，和童婚。那么，通过聚焦工作于此，你实际上也可以在这些问题指标上创造很大的倍数效应。这就意味着，我们能将 160 万女孩送进校园。
08:57
(Applause)
（掌声）
09:04
I have to say, I have been doing this forover a decade, and I have never met a girl who said to me, you know, "Iwant to stay at home," "I want to graze the cattle," "Iwant to look after the siblings," "I want to be a child bride."Every single girl I meet wants to go to school. And that's what we really wantto do. We want to be able to fulfill those 1.6 million dreams.
我想说，我做这件事已经超过十年了，我从来没碰到过一个女孩说“我想呆在家里”，“我想要放牛”，“我想要照看弟弟妹妹”，“我想要做儿童新娘”。每一个我遇到的女孩，都想要去学校。而这正是我们真正想要做的：我们想帮助 那 160 万女孩完成她们的梦想。
09:33
And it doesn't take much. To find andenroll a girl with our model is about 20 dollars. To make sure that she islearning and providing a learning program, it's another 40 dollars. But todayis the time to do it. Because she is truly the biggest asset we have. I amSafeena Husain, and I educate girls.
这个项目的实施成本并不高。利用我们的模型，找到并注册一个女孩的花费只有约 20 美金。确保她在学习并且提供学习项目，只需要再花费 40 美金。但今天就要开始行动了。因为她们确实是我们拥有的最大的资产。我是 Safeena Husain，我以教育女童为己任。
09:53
Thank you.
谢谢。
09:55
(Applause)
（掌声）
