演讲MP3+双语文稿:保护我们的海洋
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:保护我们的海洋，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲者及介绍】Sylvia Earle
西尔维亚·厄尔——海洋学家西尔维娅·厄尔一直站在海洋的最前线——勘探40多年。她是2009年TED大奖的得主，她是一位不知疲倦的海洋倡导者。
【演讲主题】我的愿望:保护我们的海洋
【中英文字幕】
翻译者 lin qiang 校对者 Lily Cong
00:00
Fifty years ago, when I began exploring the ocean, no one -- not Jacques Perrin, not Jacques Cousteau or Rachel Carson -- imagined that we could do anything to harm the ocean by what we put into it or by what we took out of it. It seemed, at that time, to be a sea of Eden, but now we know, and now we are facing paradise lost.
50年前，当我开始探索海洋的时候， 没有人，包括Jacques Perrin, Jacques Cousteau 或 Rachel Carson会想到 我们向大海排放的东西 或是对海洋的索取就可以伤害到海洋 那时候的大海就如同伊甸园一般 但现在的我们知道，我们正从伊甸园走向失乐园。
00:24
I want to share with you my personal view of changes in the sea that affect all of us, and to consider why it matters that in 50 years, we've lost -- actually, we've taken, we've eaten -- more than 90 percent of the big fish in the sea; why you should care that nearly half of the coral reefs have disappeared; why a mysterious depletion of oxygen in large areas of the Pacific should concern not only the creatures that are dying, but it really should concern you. It does concern you, as well.
我想与你们分享 我个人对发生在海洋中那些与我们息息相关的变化的看法 并思考为什么50年来我们所失去的一切意义重大 事实上，我们已经捕获、食用了 海洋中超过90%的大型鱼类 为什么你要关心几乎已经消失一半的珊瑚礁 为什么太平洋出现的，不可思议的大面积氧气损耗 不仅仅与那些垂死的生物有关 而且也应该让你感到忧虑 是的，这确实会让你感到忧虑。
00:58
I'm haunted by the thought of what Ray Anderson calls "tomorrow's child," asking why we didn't do something on our watch to save sharks and bluefin tuna and squids and coral reefs and the living ocean while there still was time. Well, now is that time. I hope for your help to explore and protect the wild ocean in ways that will restore the health and, in so doing, secure hope for humankind. Health to the ocean means health for us.
Ray Anderson所说的“明天的孩子们”常常萦绕于我的头脑中 他们会问我们为什么袖手旁观 在还来得及的时候，没有去拯救鲨鱼、金枪鱼、乌贼、珊瑚礁 和充满活力的海洋 就在此刻 我呼吁你们伸出援手 去探索和保护野生海洋 使海洋能重新恢复健康 这样做，才能为人类保有希望 海洋的健康意味着我们的健康。
02:02
For me, as a scientist, it all began in 1953 when I first tried scuba. It's when I first got to know fish swimming in something other than lemon slices and butter. I actually love diving at night; you see a lot of fish then that you don't see in the daytime. Diving day and night was really easy for me in 1970, when I led a team of aquanauts living underwater for weeks at a time -- at the same time that astronauts were putting their footprints on the moon. In 1979 I had a chance to put my footprints on the ocean floor while using this personal submersible called Jim. It was six miles offshore and 1,250 feet down. It's one of my favorite bathing suits.
从我来说，作为一个科学家 这一切是在1953年开始的 当我第一次尝试潜水 我才意识到鱼类 绝不是在柠檬片和黄油中游泳的 我很喜欢在夜间潜水 你能看到许多在白天看不到的鱼类 在1970年，夜以继日地潜水对我来讲十分轻松 当时我曾带着一队潜水员一次在水下呆了好几个星期 与此同时，宇航员们正在月球上踩出脚印 1979年，我有了将自己脚印印在海底的机会 当时用的便是这台叫作Jim的潜水器 在离岸六英里（9656米）处，我们下潜到了1250英尺（381米） 这是我最喜欢的泳衣之一。
02:55
Since then, I've used about 30 kinds of submarines and I've started three companies and a nonprofit foundation called Deep Search to design and build systems to access the deep sea. I led a five-year National Geographic expedition, the Sustainable Seas expeditions, using these little subs. They're so simple to drive that even a scientist can do it. And I'm living proof. Astronauts and aquanauts alike really appreciate the importance of air, food, water, temperature -- all the things you need to stay alive in space or under the sea. I heard astronaut Joe Allen explain how he had to learn everything he could about his life support system and then do everything he could to take care of his life support system; and then he pointed to this and he said, "Life support system." We need to learn everything we can about it and do everything we can to take care of it.
从那时到现在，我已使用过差不多30种的潜水器 我还开办了三家公司，一家称为Deep Search（深层搜索）的非赢利基金会 致力于设计和制造 能到达深海的系统 我曾领导过一次为期五年的国家地理探险 即“可持续的海洋”探险活动 用的就是这些小型潜水器 它们如此简便易用，甚至一名科学家都能驾驶 我就是活生生的例子 宇航员和潜水员很相似 他们真正体会到空气、食物、水、温度等 这一切使你能在太空或海里安然无恙的东西 我听过宇航员Joe Allen解释 他是如何尽可能地学习有关生命维持系统的一切 然后尽一切努力 来照顾好他的生命维持系统 之后他指着这个（地球）说道：“生命维持系统” 我们需要尽己所能地学习有关她的一切 并尽己所能地照顾好她。
03:54
The poet Auden said, "Thousands have lived without love; none without water." Ninety-seven percent of Earth's water is ocean. No blue, no green. If you think the ocean isn't important, imagine Earth without it. Mars comes to mind. No ocean, no life support system. I gave a talk not so long ago at the World Bank and I showed this amazing image of Earth and I said, "There it is! The World Bank!" That's where all the assets are! And we've been trawling them down much faster than the natural systems can replenish them.
诗人Auden说过，“无数人的生活没有爱， 没有一个人能离开水。“ 地球上97%的水体是海洋 没有蓝色，就没有绿色。（无海洋，就无陆地） 如果你认为海洋并不重要 想象一下没有海洋的地球 想到火星了吧 没有海洋，就没有生命维持系统 不久前我在世界银行作了个演讲 我展示了这张美丽的地球图片 我说，”它在那呢！世界银行！“ 那就是一切财富的所在 而我们正对这些财富大肆掠夺 远远超过自然系统进行补充的速度。
04:37
Tim Worth says the economy is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the environment. With every drop of water you drink, every breath you take, you're connected to the sea. No matter where on Earth you live. Most of the oxygen in the atmosphere is generated by the sea. Over time, most of the planet's organic carbon has been absorbed and stored there, mostly by microbes. The ocean drives climate and weather, stabilizes temperature, shapes Earth's chemistry. Water from the sea forms clouds that return to the land and the seas as rain, sleet and snow, and provides home for about 97 percent of life in the world, maybe in the universe. No water, no life; no blue, no green.
Tim Worth说，世界经济只是环境的全资子公司 你喝的每一滴水 每一次的呼吸 都将你与大海联系起来 不管你生活在地球何处 大气中的氧气绝大多数是由大海产生 长久以来，地球上大部分的有机碳 都在海洋中被吸收和储存 这一过程主要由微生物完成 海洋驱动着气候和天气变化 使温度稳定，塑造了地球化学 来自海洋的水分形成云 然后落回陆地和海面 即雨、冰雹和雪 为世界上，或许也是宇宙中 大约97%的生命提供了居所 没有水，就没有生命 没有蓝色，就没有绿色。
05:21
Yet we have this idea, we humans, that the Earth -- all of it: the oceans, the skies -- are so vast and so resilient it doesn't matter what we do to it. That may have been true 10,000 years ago, and maybe even 1,000 years ago but in the last 100, especially in the last 50, we've drawn down the assets, the air, the water, the wildlife that make our lives possible. New technologies are helping us to understand the nature of nature; the nature of what's happening, showing us our impact on the Earth. I mean, first you have to know that you've got a problem. And fortunately, in our time, we've learned more about the problems than in all preceding history. And with knowing comes caring. And with caring, there's hope that we can find an enduring place for ourselves within the natural systems that support us. But first we have to know.
然而我们人类有这样一种想法 认为地球，包括海洋、天空等全部 是如此广阔，恢复力如此之强 以至于我们对其做什么都没关系 这在一万年前或许没错 甚至一千年前也没错 但到了最近100年，特别是近50年 我们已经耗费了太多的财富 空气、水、野生动物 来支持我们的生活 新的技术正帮助我们理解 自然的本质 正在进行的一切的本质 显示了我们对地球的影响 我是说，首先你要意识到问题已经发生 而且，幸运的是，在我们的时代 我们对问题的了解已经比之前所有的历史时期都来得多 有了了解，便有了保护 有了保护，就有了希望 那就是我们能够在支持我们的自然系统中 找到一个使自己持久生活的地方 但首先我们必须去了解。
06:22
Three years ago, I met John Hanke, who's the head of Google Earth, and I told him how much I loved being able to hold the world in my hands and go exploring vicariously. But I asked him: "When are you going to finish it? You did a great job with the land, the dirt. What about the water?" Since then, I've had the great pleasure of working with the Googlers, with DOER Marine, with National Geographic, with dozens of the best institutions and scientists around the world, ones that we could enlist, to put the ocean in Google Earth. And as of just this week, last Monday, Google Earth is now whole.
三年前，我遇到John Hanke Google Earth的领导者 我告诉他，我是多么喜欢能够将世界捧在手里的感觉 并间接地进行探索 我问他：”你准备什么时候把它完成？ 你把陆地，泥土部分做的很好 但是水呢？“ 自那之后，我便非常高兴地开始与Google， 与DOER Marine，与国家地理 与我们能招募来的全世界数十个最好的研究所和科学家们 一起努力 将海洋放到Google Earth里面 而到了这个星期，上周一 Google Earth终于完整了。
07:04
Consider this: Starting right here at the convention center, we can find the nearby aquarium, we can look at where we're sitting, and then we can cruise up the coast to the big aquarium, the ocean, and California's four national marine sanctuaries, and the new network of state marine reserves that are beginning to protect and restore some of the assets We can flit over to Hawaii and see the real Hawaiian Islands: not just the little bit that pokes through the surface, but also what's below. To see -- wait a minute, we can go kshhplash! -- right there, ha -- under the ocean, see what the whales see. We can go explore the other side of the Hawaiian Islands. We can go actually and swim around on Google Earth and visit with humpback whales. These are the gentle giants that I've had the pleasure of meeting face to face many times underwater. There's nothing quite like being personally inspected by a whale.
看清楚了：从这里的会议中心开始 我们能找到附近的水族馆 我们能看到我们所在的地方 然后我们越过海岸线，来到这个大水族馆，海洋 还有加利福尼亚州的四个国家海洋保护区 以及新建的州立海洋保护区网络 这些都是保护和恢复部分自然财富的开始 我们能轻快地掠过夏威夷 看到真正的夏威夷群岛 不仅仅是表面的那一小部分 更能看到海面以下 让我们来看——等一会，我们能向下 到这里了，哈 在海水里，看到鲸鱼所看到的景象 我们能到夏威夷群岛的另一边去探索 我们甚至可以在Google Earth里四处畅游 与座头鲸一起在海里徜徉 这些是温和的巨兽，我很高兴曾在海里 多次地与他们面对面相遇 没有什么比单独被一头鲸鱼仔细审视的感觉更好的了。
08:09
We can pick up and fly to the deepest place: seven miles down, the Mariana Trench, where only two people have ever been. Imagine that. It's only seven miles, but only two people have been there, 49 years ago. One-way trips are easy. We need new deep-diving submarines. How about some X Prizes for ocean exploration? We need to see deep trenches, the undersea mountains, and understand life in the deep sea.
我们能加快速度向更深的地方去： 来到七英里以下的马里亚纳海沟 只有两个人曾到过那里 想想看，只有区区7英里 但只有两个人到过那，还是49年前 单程旅行总是比较容易 我们需要新的深海潜水器 为海洋探险设立个大奖怎么样？ 我们需要去看看深海海沟，海底山脉 了解深海里的生命。
08:40
We can now go to the Arctic. Just ten years ago I stood on the ice at the North Pole. An ice-free Arctic Ocean may happen in this century. That's bad news for the polar bears. That's bad news for us too. Excess carbon dioxide is not only driving global warming, it's also changing ocean chemistry, making the sea more acidic. That's bad news for coral reefs and oxygen-producing plankton. Also it's bad news for us. We're putting hundreds of millions of tons of plastic and other trash into the sea. Millions of tons of discarded fishing nets, gear that continues to kill. We're clogging the ocean, poisoning the planet's circulatory system, and we're taking out hundreds of millions of tons of wildlife, all carbon-based units. Barbarically, we're killing sharks for shark fin soup, undermining food chains that shape planetary chemistry and drive the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, the oxygen cycle, the water cycle -- our life support system. We're still killing bluefin tuna; truly endangered and much more valuable alive than dead. All of these parts are part of our life support system. We kill using long lines, with baited hooks every few feet that may stretch for 50 miles or more. Industrial trawlers and draggers are scraping the sea floor like bulldozers, taking everything in their path.
现在我们可以去到北极 十年前我就曾站在北极点的冰面上 一个没有冰的北冰洋或许就将在本世纪出现 北极熊的噩耗 同时也是我们的噩耗 过量的二氧化碳不仅仅导致全球变暖 也能改变海洋的化学性质 使大海变得更酸 这对珊瑚礁和产氧的浮游植物来说是个坏消息 对我们也是坏消息 我们正将亿万吨的塑料 和垃圾排放到海洋里 数百万吨丢弃的鱼网， 和鱼钩仍然在导致（海洋生物）死亡 我们正在使海洋堵塞，毒害着地球的循环系统 我们正使无数的野生动物消失殆尽 （它们）都是碳元素为基础的单元 我们野蛮地杀死鲨鱼，只为了鱼翅汤 （我们）破坏食物链，而正是食物链塑造了地球化学 驱动了碳循环、氮循环、 氧循环和水循环 我们的生命维持系统 我们还在捕杀事实上已经濒临灭绝的蓝鳍金枪鱼 它们活着时的价值远高于死去时 所有这些片段只展现出我们生命维持系统的一部分 我们用长线捕鱼，线上每隔数英尺就有带饵的鱼钩 钓线的长度可达50英里甚至更长 商业以及小型拖网渔船正刮蚀着海底 就像推土机一样，将所经之处的一切带走。
10:22
Using Google Earth you can witness trawlers -- in China, the North Sea, the Gulf of Mexico -- shaking the foundation of our life support system, leaving plumes of death in their path. The next time you dine on sushi -- or sashimi, or swordfish steak, or shrimp cocktail, whatever wildlife you happen to enjoy from the ocean -- think of the real cost. For every pound that goes to market, more than 10 pounds, even 100 pounds, may be thrown away as bycatch. This is the consequence of not knowing that there are limits to what we can take out of the sea. In my lifetime, imagine, 90 percent of the big fish have been killed. Most of the turtles, sharks, tunas and whales are way down in numbers.
利用Google Earth，你可以目睹拖网渔船的所作所为 在中国，在北海，和墨西哥湾 （拖网渔船）正动摇着我们的生命维持系统 在其所经之处留下无数尸体 下一次当你品尝寿司，或生鱼片 或旗鱼排，或鸡尾虾 或任一种你碰巧品尝到的海洋野生动物时 想一下其真正的代价 每一磅渔获流向市场 就有超过10磅，甚至100磅 的兼捕渔获被扔掉 这种情况发生的原因便是 我们不知道向大海的索取是有限制的 在我的人生中，想一下 90%的大型鱼类遭到捕杀 大部分的海龟、鲨鱼、金枪鱼和鲸鱼 数量不断下降。
11:24
But, there is good news. Ten percent of the big fish still remain. There are still some blue whales. There are still some krill in Antarctica. There are a few oysters in Chesapeake Bay. Half the coral reefs are still in pretty good shape, a jeweled belt around the middle of the planet. There's still time, but not a lot, to turn things around. But business as usual means that in 50 years, there may be no coral reefs -- and no commercial fishing, because the fish will simply be gone. Imagine the ocean without fish. Imagine what that means to our life support system. Natural systems on the land are in big trouble too, but the problems are more obvious, and some actions are being taken to protect trees, watersheds and wildlife.
然而，还是有好消息的 10%的大型鱼类仍然健在 有些蓝鲸还幸存着 南极也还有部分磷虾 切萨皮克湾还长着少量牡蛎 一半的珊瑚礁情况也还不错 它们就像环绕地球中部的珠宝带 还有时间，但不是很多 来使事情好转 但如果一切继续下去，意味着50年内 珊瑚礁有可能消失 也不再有渔业，因为鱼类已经被捕完了 想象一下没有鱼类的海洋 想象一下这对于我们的生命维持系统意味着什么 陆地的自然系统也存在很严重的问题 但那些问题更加明显 若干措施也正用于保护树木、集水区和野生动物。
12:14
And in 1872, with Yellowstone National Park, the United States began establishing a system of parks that some say was the best idea America ever had. About 12 percent of the land around the world is now protected: safeguarding biodiversity, providing a carbon sink, generating oxygen, protecting watersheds. And, in 1972, this nation began to establish a counterpart in the sea, National Marine Sanctuaries. That's another great idea. The good news is that there are now more than 4,000 places in the sea, around the world, that have some kind of protection. And you can find them on Google Earth. The bad news is that you have to look hard to find them. In the last three years, for example, the U.S. protected 340,000 square miles of ocean as national monuments. But it only increased from 0.6 of one percent to 0.8 of one percent of the ocean protected, globally. Protected areas do rebound, but it takes a long time to restore 50-year-old rockfish or monkfish, sharks or sea bass, or 200-year-old orange roughy. We don't consume 200-year-old cows or chickens. Protected areas provide hope that the creatures of Ed Wilson's dream of an encyclopedia of life, or the census of marine life, will live not just as a list, a photograph, or a paragraph.
在1872年，以黄石国家公园为代表 美国开始建立起一个公园系统 某种角度上，这是美国所采取的最好的一个措施 现在，世界上大约12%的陆地都受到了保护 保护着生物多样性，提供碳汇 生产出氧气，保护着集水区 而到了1972年，美国开始对应地建立起一个海洋保护区 国家海洋保护区 这是另一个伟大的措施 好消息是 现在世界海洋中有超过4000个地方 已经在某种程度上得到了保护 你们可以在Google Earth上找到这些地方 坏消息是 你需要很仔细才能把它们找出来 举个例子，过去三年里 美国像对国家历史文物一样保护了34万平方英里的海洋 但在全球仅1%的受保护海洋面积中 这仅仅使（美国保护的面积）从其中的六成增加到八成 保护起来的区域的确会反弹 但这需要长期的恢复 50岁的岩鱼或安康鱼，鲨鱼或鲈鱼 或者200岁的新西兰红鱼 我们不会吃200岁的牛或鸡 受保护地提供了希望 希望Ed Wilson梦想中的那些生物 无论是来自生物百科全书，或是来自海洋生物普查 都不仅仅是作为一个名单，一张图片，或一条新闻报道而存在。
13:48
With scientists around the world, I've been looking at the 99 percent of the ocean that is open to fishing -- and mining, and drilling, and dumping, and whatever -- to search out hope spots, and try to find ways to give them and us a secure future. Such as the Arctic -- we have one chance, right now, to get it right. Or the Antarctic, where the continent is protected, but the surrounding ocean is being stripped of its krill, whales and fish. Sargasso Sea's three million square miles of floating forest is being gathered up to feed cows. 97 percent of the land in the Galapagos Islands is protected, but the adjacent sea is being ravaged by fishing. It's true too in Argentina on the Patagonian shelf, which is now in serious trouble. The high seas, where whales, tuna and dolphins travel -- the largest, least protected, ecosystem on Earth, filled with luminous creatures, living in dark waters that average two miles deep. They flash, and sparkle, and glow with their own living light.
与全世界的科学家一道，我一直在关注着那99%的海洋 那里对捕鱼、开采、钻探和倾倒及其他活动都是开放的 （我们）试图从中找到希望所在 并想办法为它们和我们提供一个安全的未来 好比在北极 我们有机会，现在，来让情况好转 或者是在南极，那里的大陆受到了保护 但环绕大陆的海洋里那些磷虾、鲸鱼和鱼类正在被过度捕捞 马尾藻海那三百万平方英里的漂浮森林 正在被采集用来养牛 加拉帕戈斯群岛中97%的陆地受到了保护 但其周围的海洋正因为捕鱼而备受摧残 在阿根廷也是如此 巴塔哥尼亚大陆架，现在危机深重 在远海，鲸鱼、金枪鱼和海豚遨游的地方 也是地球上最大，却受到最少保护的生态系统 平均两英里的黑暗海水里 住满了发光的生物 它们充满活力，闪耀着光辉 用的是自己的生物发光机制
14:56
There are still places in the sea as pristine as I knew as a child. The next 10 years may be the most important, and the next 10,000 years the best chance our species will have to protect what remains of the natural systems that give us life. To cope with climate change, we need new ways to generate power. We need new ways, better ways, to cope with poverty, wars and disease. We need many things to keep and maintain the world as a better place. But, nothing else will matter if we fail to protect the ocean. Our fate and the ocean's are one. We need to do for the ocean what Al Gore did for the skies above.
海洋中还有一些我自小就知道的，还是原始未受侵蚀的地方 接下来的十年或许是最重要的 而接下来的一万年，将是我们人类最好的机会 去保护自然系统中存留的，让我们能生存下来的那些东西 为应对气候变化，我们需要新的能源产生方式 我们需要新的方法，更好的方法，来应对贫穷、战争和疾病 我们还有许多事情要做，来保持和使世界成为一个更美好的地方 但是，如果我们不能够保护好海洋 这一切就都毫无意义 我们的命运与海洋密不可分 我们需要为海洋做点什么，就像AI Gore为上面的天空所做的。
15:40
A global plan of action with a world conservation union, the IUCN, is underway to protect biodiversity, to mitigate and recover from the impacts of climate change, on the high seas and in coastal areas, wherever we can identify critical places. New technologies are needed to map, photograph and explore the 95 percent of the ocean that we have yet to see. The goal is to protect biodiversity, to provide stability and resilience. We need deep-diving subs, new technologies to explore the ocean. We need, maybe, an expedition -- a TED at sea -- that could help figure out the next steps.
一个全球行动计划 与一个世界自然保护联盟，IUCN 正在做的就是保护生物多样性 使地球从气候变化的影响中缓解和恢复过来 在远洋和海岸地带 在我们能够认定为关键地区的任何地方 需要新的技术来进行地图定位、拍摄和探索 对尚不了解的95%的海洋进行观察 目标就是保护生物多样性 提供稳定和恢复的能力 我们需要深海潜水器 以及探索海洋的新技术 我们需要，或许，一次探险 一次海洋的TED 来帮助找出接下来的路要怎么走。
16:25
And so, I suppose you want to know what my wish is. I wish you would use all means at your disposal -- films, expeditions, the web, new submarines -- and campaign to ignite public support for a global network of marine protected areas -- hope spots large enough to save and restore the ocean, the blue heart of the planet. How much? Some say 10 percent, some say 30 percent. You decide: how much of your heart do you want to protect? Whatever it is, a fraction of one percent is not enough. My wish is a big wish, but if we can make it happen, it can truly change the world, and help ensure the survival of what actually -- as it turns out -- is my favorite species; that would be us. For the children of today, for tomorrow's child: as never again, now is the time.
那么，我猜你们应该很想知道我的祝愿是什么 我希望你们运用自己所能运用的所有方式—— 电影、探险、网络、新的潜水器等等—— 来点燃公众积极参与的热情 从而使海洋受保护地区和希望所在连成一个全球网络 并使之足够巨大，以拯救和恢复海洋 地球的蓝色心脏 要（保护）多少？ 有人说10%，有人说30% 你自己决定想要保护多少（的海洋） 无论如何 一个百分点中的一小部分是不够的 我的祝愿很宏大 但如果我们能使之实现，世界将为之改变 并且可以帮助确保 我最喜欢的物种——归根到底，也就是我们自己 能够生存下来 为了今天的儿童 为了明天的儿童 我们不能重蹈覆辙，现在正是时候。
17:32
Thank you.
谢谢
17:33
(Applause)
（掌声）
