2022年11月01日 VOA慢速英语；俄罗斯暂停乌克兰粮食交易可能意味着什么

 
Russia announced over the weekend it was suspending its part of a deal permitting Ukraine to ship grain from Black Sea ports.
俄罗斯周末宣布，将暂停其允许乌克兰从黑海港口运送粮食的协议的一部分。
 
Russia and Ukraine reached the deal in July after negotiations involving the United Nations and Turkey. Russia agreed to remove a blockade on Black Sea ports for shipments of grain, one of Ukraine's most important export products.
在联合国和土耳其的谈判后，俄罗斯和乌克兰于 7 月达成协议。俄罗斯同意解除对黑海港口对谷物运输的封锁，谷物是乌克兰最重要的出口产品之一。
 
So far, the deal has permitted more than 9 million tons of grain in 397 ships to safely leave Ukrainian ports.
到目前为止，该协议已允许 397 艘船舶中超过 900 万吨的粮食安全离开乌克兰港口。
 
But Russia said Saturday it was ending its involvement in the deal. Russia made the announcement after accusing Ukraine of launching a drone attack against Russia's Black Sea Fleet off the coast of Russian occupied Crimea.
但俄罗斯周六表示，将停止参与该交易。俄罗斯在指责乌克兰在俄罗斯占领的克里米亚海岸对俄罗斯黑海舰队发动无人机袭击后宣布了这一消息。
 
Even after Russia's announced suspension, however, Ukraine said on Monday more than 12 ships carrying grain had sailed from Black Sea ports. Ukraine had said earlier that more than 200 fully loaded ships had been blocked from leaving the ports.
然而，即使在俄罗斯宣布停产后，乌克兰周一表示，已有超过 12 艘运载粮食的船只从黑海港口启航。乌克兰早些时候曾表示，超过200艘满载船只被阻止离开港口。
 
The grain exports are important because Russia and Ukraine are major suppliers of wheat and other food products to many parts of the world. This includes Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia where many people are already struggling with hunger.
谷物出口很重要，因为俄罗斯和乌克兰是世界许多地区小麦和其他食品的主要供应商。这包括非洲、中东和许多人已经在与饥饿作斗争的亚洲部分地区。
 
Experts say it remains unclear how many shippers would choose to take the risk of sailing with Russia's protection. So what could Russia's decision mean for a world increasingly worried about food security and high food prices?
专家表示，目前尚不清楚有多少托运人会选择冒险在俄罗斯的保护下航行。那么，对于一个越来越担心粮食安全和高粮价的世界来说，俄罗斯的决定意味着什么呢？
 
What has the deal resulted in?
这笔交易的结果是什么？
 
Before the grain deal was completed, the United States and European partners accused Russia of starving vulnerable parts of the world by blocking grain exports.
在粮食交易完成之前，美国和欧洲伙伴指责俄罗斯通过阻止粮食出口使世界脆弱地区挨饿。
 
Since the deal, Russian President Vladimir Putin has said most of the exported grain was going to Europe instead of the world's hungriest nations.
自从达成协议以来，俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京表示，大部分出口的谷物都流向了欧洲，而不是世界上最饥饿的国家。
 
However, the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development said in a report last week that wheat is mostly going to developing countries. The organization said nearly 20 percent of exported wheat has gone to the least developed countries.
然而，联合国贸易和发展会议上周在一份报告中表示，小麦主要销往发展中国家。该组织表示，近 20% 的出口小麦流向了最不发达国家。
 
Ukrainian officials have said more than 5 million tons have been exported to African and Asian nations. Ukraine says 190,000 tons of wheat have been sent to countries struggling with hunger that receive support from the United Nations World Food Program. A ship carrying 30,000 tons of wheat for Ethiopia under the U.N. program sailed Monday, Ukrainian officials said.
乌克兰官员表示，已向非洲和亚洲国家出口了超过 500 万吨。乌克兰表示，已向联合国世界粮食计划署支持的饥饿国家运送了 190,000 吨小麦。乌克兰官员说，一艘根据联合国计划为埃塞俄比亚运送 30,000 吨小麦的船于周一启航。
 
What happens now?
现在会发生什么？
 
Russia has requested a meeting of the U.N. Security Council to discuss the issue. It also offered to supply up to 500,000 tons of grain "to the poorest countries free of charge in the next four months."
俄罗斯已要求联合国安理会召开会议讨论这一问题。它还提出“在未来四个月内免费向最贫穷的国家”提供多达 50 万吨的粮食。
 
Economic restrictions on Russia do not affect its grain exports. And a deal reached after Russia's invasion of Ukraine was meant to clear the way for food and fertilizer shipments. But some businesses and banks have been unwilling to ship because they fear it could violate international rules.
对俄罗斯的经济限制并不影响其粮食出口。俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后达成的一项协议旨在为食品和化肥运输扫清道路。但一些企业和银行一直不愿发货，因为他们担心这可能违反国际规则。
 
Ukraine, the United States and allies are again accusing Russia of playing "hunger games" with the world.
乌克兰、美国和盟国再次指责俄罗斯与世界玩“饥饿游戏”。
 
Joseph Glauber is senior researcher at the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington. He told the AP that developing nations will have to find new suppliers and pay more from countries such as the U.S., Argentina and Australia, where dry conditions or rain are creating agricultural problems.
Joseph Glauber 是华盛顿国际粮食政策研究所的高级研究员。他告诉美联社，发展中国家将不得不从美国、阿根廷和澳大利亚等国家寻找新的供应商并支付更多费用，这些国家的干旱或降雨正在造成农业问题。
 
"What the world needs are some really big crops," Glauber said. And with Ukraine usually providing about 10 percent of world wheat exports, "that's a big hole to build," he added.
“世界需要一些非常大的作物，”格劳伯说。他补充说，乌克兰通常提供约 10% 的世界小麦出口，“这是一个很大的漏洞。”