2022年11月17日 VOA慢速英语：研究：车辆警告和制动系统可将撞车事故减少 50%

 

A new study has found that tools designed to warn drivers and automatically stop vehicles in emergency situations helped reduce crashes by about 50 percent.
一项新研究发现，旨在警告驾驶员并在紧急情况下自动停车的工具有助于将撞车事故减少约 50%。
 
The study is one of the largest of its kind to examine the effectiveness of driver assistance systems.
这项研究是同类研究中规模最大的一项，旨在检验驾驶员辅助系统的有效性。
 
The research was carried out by the Partnership for Analytics Research in Traffic Safety (PARTS). The organization is a partnership between automakers and the U.S. Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
该研究由交通安全分析研究合作组织 (PARTS) 进行。该组织是汽车制造商与美国交通部国家公路交通安全管理局的合作伙伴。
 
For the study, numerous automobile manufacturers supplied vehicle equipment data on 93 different vehicle models from 2015 to 2020. This information was combined with data collected on more than 12 million police-reported crashes in 13 American states.
为了这项研究，许多汽车制造商提供了 2015 年至 2020 年 93 种不同车型的车辆设备数据。该信息结合美国 13 个州超过 1200 万起警方报告的车祸数据。
 
One of the technologies studied is called forward collision warning. Collison is another word for crash. This system uses cameras, radar and other technology tools to gather information on safe driving distances. It warns drivers if their vehicle is getting too close to other vehicles ahead.
其中一项研究的技术称为前向碰撞警告。科里森是崩溃的另一个词。该系统使用摄像头、雷达和其他技术工具来收集有关安全驾驶距离的信息。如果他们的车辆与前方其他车辆距离太近，它会向驾驶员发出警告。
 
Another related driver assistance tool is known as automatic emergency braking. This system is designed to identify possible crash dangers involving vehicles ahead. The tool can automatically slow or stop a vehicle if it senses the immediate danger of a crash.
另一种相关的驾驶员辅助工具称为自动紧急制动。该系统旨在识别前方车辆可能发生的碰撞危险。如果该工具感知到立即发生碰撞的危险，它可以自动减慢或停止车辆。
 
The PARTS group's study found that front to rear crashes were reduced by 49 percent when the striking vehicle had both forward collision warning and automatic emergency braking. The systems also reduced crashes resulting in injuries by 53 percent.
PARTS 小组的研究发现，当撞击车辆同时具有前方碰撞警告和自动紧急制动功能时，前后碰撞减少了 49%。该系统还将导致伤害的撞车事故减少了 53%。
 
The research also suggested automatic braking systems perform well in many situations, including poor weather and low light conditions.
研究还表明，自动制动系统在许多情况下都表现良好，包括恶劣的天气和低光照条件。
 
The study also found that vehicles equipped with technologies designed to keep vehicles in their driving lane "are effective in reducing single-vehicle crashes that lead to serious injuries."
该研究还发现，配备旨在使车辆保持在行驶车道上的技术的车辆“可有效减少导致严重伤害的单车碰撞事故。”
 
Many carmakers now include this kind of technology on some vehicle models. It is designed to automatically keep a vehicle centered in lanes of traffic. The study found these tools reduced crashes involving vehicles leaving the roadway by eight percent.
许多汽车制造商现在都将这种技术纳入其中一些车型。它旨在自动使车辆保持在交通车道的中央。研究发现，这些工具将车辆离开道路的事故减少了 8%。
 
Tim Czapp is an industry representative on the PARTS board. He also serves as a top executive at the Europe-based auto group Stellantis. He said in a statement that the latest study shows the driver assist technologies "can substantially reduce the number of crashes and improve safety outcomes."
Tim Czapp 是 PARTS 委员会的行业代表。他还担任总部位于欧洲的汽车集团 Stellantis 的高级管理人员。他在一份声明中说，最新的研究表明驾驶员辅助技术“可以大大减少碰撞次数并提高安全结果。”
 
Czapp added that the results demonstrate "real-world effectiveness" that can help prevent injuries and loss of life.
Czapp 补充说，结果证明了“现实世界的有效性”可以有助于防止伤害和生命损失。
 
A separate study recently provided similar results. That study centered on crashes involving pickup trucks. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) carried out the study. It found that automatic emergency braking systems reduced rear crash rates for pickups by 43 percent.
最近的一项单独研究提供了类似的结果。该研究集中在涉及皮卡车的撞车事故上。公路安全保险协会 (IIHS) 开展了这项研究。研究发现，自动紧急制动系统可将皮卡的追尾事故率降低 43%。
 
The study involved numerous pickup truck models and data from police-reported crashes in 25 states from 2017 to 2020.
该研究涉及 2017 年至 2020 年 25 个州警方报告的众多皮卡车型号和数据。
 
Jessica Cicchino led the IIHS research. She noted in a statement that pickups currently make up 1 of every 5 passenger vehicles on U.S. roads.
Jessica Cicchino 领导了 IIHS 的研究。她在一份声明中指出，目前美国道路上每 5 辆乘用车中就有 1 辆是皮卡。
 
Since these vehicles are larger and heavier, it can "make them dangerous to people in smaller vehicles or on foot," Cicchino said. She added that even though pickup trucks present more danger, "manufacturers have been slow to equip them with automatic emergency braking and other crash avoidance systems."
由于这些车辆更大、更重，可能“对乘坐小型车辆或步行的人造成危险”西奇诺说。她补充说，尽管皮卡车存在更多危险，但“制造商在为它们配备自动紧急制动和其他防撞系统方面进展缓慢。”
 
Cicchino advised that "the faster automakers can make sure that every pickup they sell has this important safety feature, the better."
Cicchino 建议：“汽车制造商越快，越能确保他们销售的每辆皮卡都具有这一重要的安全功能，就越好。”

Both new studies confirm the effectiveness of some of the latest driver assistance systems. They followed another recent study suggesting that many drivers using such tools often treat their vehicles like they are fully self-driving.
这两项新研究都证实了一些最新的驾驶员辅助系统的有效性。他们遵循了最近的另一项研究，该研究表明许多使用此类工具的驾驶员经常将他们的车辆视为完全自动驾驶。
 
That study, also carried out by the IIHS, warned that drivers who put too much trust in driver assist technologies are putting themselves at risk for serious accidents. A majority of drivers in the study said they were more likely to perform non-driving related activities, like eating or texting, while using the tools.
这项同样由 IIHS 开展的研究警告说，过分信任驾驶员辅助技术的驾驶员会将自己置于发生严重事故的风险之中。研究中的大多数司机表示，他们更有可能在使用这些工具时进行与驾驶无关的活动，比如吃饭或发短信。