2022年12月16日 VOA慢速英语：锻炼语法，第 2 部分

Last week, we looked at common phrasal verbs and gerunds linked to exercising and health. For this week's Everyday Grammar report, we will continue to explore exercise vocabulary. We will learn different prepositions, verbs, and nouns we can use when talking about what we do to exercise and how we use our muscles.
上周，我们研究了与锻炼和健康相关的常见短语动词和动名词。对于本周的日常语法报告，我们将继续探索练习词汇。我们将学习不同的介词、动词和名词，这些介词、动词和名词在谈论我们如何锻炼以及如何使用肌肉时可以使用。

Let's start with common prepositional phrases.
让我们从常见的介词短语开始。

In shape, into shape and out of shape
在形状中，进入形状和变形
 
Two common prepositional phrases we use for talking about physical health is being "in shape" or "out of shape." Another one you will hear is getting "back into shape."
我们用来谈论身体健康的两个常见介词短语是“in shape”或“out of shape”。您会听到的另一种说法是“恢复体形”。

If you are "in shape," you are physically strong and fit. People who are in shape likely exercise regularly and eat well.
如果您处于“体型”状态，则表示您身体强壮且健康。身材好的人可能经常锻炼并且吃得好。

Adam was so in shape last year. He worked out almost every day.
亚当去年的身材很好。他几乎每天都锻炼。

If you are out of shape, you are not physically fit. "Out of" is used to show a change away from the usual or expected form.
如果你身体不好，那说明你身体不健康。 “Out of”用于表示与通常或预期形式不同的变化。

Dmitry was out of shape after his knee operation.
Dmitry 在膝盖手术后变形。

When you are out of shape, you may want to get "back into shape." This means you start doing physical activity to become fit and strong.
当你变形时，您可能想要“恢复体形”。这意味着您开始进行体育锻炼以变得健康和强壮。
 
Brittany's new year resolution is getting back into shape by doing yoga three times a week.
Brittany 的新年决心是通过每周做三次瑜伽来恢复体形。

Engage and activate
参与并激活

When you work out, it is important to do exercises the right way. This helps keep you safe from injury and makes your efforts more effective.
锻炼时，以正确的方式进行锻炼很重要.这有助于保护您免受伤害并使您的努力更有效。

You might hear someone tell you to make sure you "engage your muscles." The verb "engage" means to involve. When you "engage" your muscles, you are using them.
您可能会听到有人告诉您要确保“锻炼肌肉”。动词“engage”的意思是涉及。当您“调动”您的肌肉时，您就是在使用它们。

Exercise like yoga engages your core muscles.
像瑜伽这样的运动调动您的核心肌肉。
 
A similar verb is "activate." This means to make active. When we activate our muscles, we "turn on" or start to use them. This activation is created by the connection between our brain and muscles.
一个类似的动词是“激活”。这意味着激活。当我们激活我们的肌肉时，我们“打开”或开始使用它们。这种激活是由我们的大脑和肌肉之间的连接产生的。
 
If we activate our muscles for exercise, we can better engage the muscles and use them!
如果我们激活肌肉进行锻炼，我们可以更好地调动和使用肌肉！
 
It's important to activate your stomach muscles to support your back.
重要的是激活你的腹部肌肉来支撑你的背部。
 
Nouns
名词

Now let's look at some nouns you can use to talk about your exercise routine.
现在让我们看看一些你可以用来谈论你的日常锻炼的名词。
 
Activities like weightlifting and high intensity training have special words that describe and differentiate between groups of exercises.
举重和高强度训练等活动有特殊的词来描述和区分练习组。
 
A "rep," for example, is a shortened form of "repetitions." A rep is the number of times you do the movement of an exercise.
例如，“代表”是“重复”的缩写形式。一次代表是你做某项运动的次数。
 
She did 10 reps of squats.
她做了 10 次深蹲。
 
A "set" is group of reps. There are usually about 8 to 12 reps in a set. There may be fewer reps if the exercise involves heavier weights. And there may be more if the weights are lighter. After each set, you should rest for a minute or two.
“一组”是一组代表。一组通常有大约 8 到 12 个重复。如果锻炼涉及较重的重量，则重复次数可能会减少。如果重量更轻，可能会有更多。每组结束后，您应该休息一两分钟。
 
I like to do four sets of eight reps of biceps curls.
我喜欢做四组二头肌弯举，每组八次。
 
A "superset" is a combination of exercises in a sequence with no break or rest. So, you do one set of one kind of exercise, centering on one muscle or group, then immediately change to the other kind of exercise, centering on a different muscle or group.
“超级组”是一系列练习的组合，没有间断或休息。所以，你做一组以一种肌肉或一组为中心的一种锻炼，然后立即换成另一种锻炼，以不同的肌肉或一组为中心。
 
Our superset today includes chest flies and a tricep dip.
我们今天的超级组包括胸部飞翔和三头肌臂屈伸。
 
A "circuit" is a combination of three or more exercises that you complete back-to-back with no rest in between. Circuits combine strength training and cardio. Cardio is any kind of exercise that gets your heart to beat faster and harder for a period of time.
“电路”是三个或更多练习的组合，您连续完成这些练习，中间没有休息。电路结合了力量训练和有氧运动。有氧运动是任何一种可以让您的心脏在一段时间内跳得更快、更用力的运动。
 
I jumped and did pushups and lunges for my circuit today.
我今天跳了起来，做了俯卧撑和弓步。
 
An "interval" is the amount of time you take to do the exercise.
“间歇”是指你做这项运动所花费的时间。
 
We do two-minute intervals of the circuit before taking a 20-second rest.
我们做两分钟的间歇在休息 20 秒之前完成循环。
 
Finally, a "round" is how many times you complete a group of circuit exercises.
最后，“一轮”是你完成一组循环练习的次数。
 
I completed five rounds of the circuit before the time finished.
我完成了五轮时间结束前的电路。
 
Final thoughts
最后的想法

Today we looked at more common expressions for exercise, including the prepositional phrases "in shape" and "out of shape" and verbs like "engage" and "activate." We also looked at the differences between "rep," "set," and "superset," among others.
今天，我们了解了更常见的锻炼表达方式，包括介词短语“in shape”和“out of shape”以及“engage”和“activate”等动词。我们还研究了“rep”、“set”和“superset”之间的差异。
 
Let's end this report with some homework.
让我们用一些作业来结束本报告。
 
Try to make some more sentences with either the verbs, prepositional phrases or the nouns that we talked about today.
尝试更多的句子是我们今天谈到的动词、介词短语或名词。
 
You can talk about which muscle or body parts you activate or engage while you work out.
您可以谈论您在锻炼时激活或接触了哪些肌肉或身体部位。
Or you can describe your workout routine with nouns like "round," "interval," or "circuit."
或者您可以使用“圆形”、“间隔”或“循环”等名词来描述您的锻炼程序。
 
Share your work in the comments!
在评论中分享您的作品！