5种好习惯,多活14年

A new study has found that just by developing five habits, you can add an estimated 14 years of life expectancy.

新研究表明，下面五个简单的生活习惯能够助你延寿十四年，它们对人类健康和寿命具有重大的积极影响：

Five habits were identified to have a great impact on human health and longevity:

五种习惯被认为对人类健康和长寿有很大影响：

• – not smoking;
• 不抽烟
• – eating a healthy diet;
• 健康饮食
• – regularly exercising (30+ minutes a day of moderate to vigorous activity);
• 规律锻炼(每天30分钟以上的中高强度锻炼)
• – keeping a healthy body weight (18.5-24.9 BMI);
• 保持健康体重(BMI：18.5-24.9)
• – moderate alcohol consumption (5-15 g/day for women, 5-30 g/day for men).
• 适度饮酒(女性5-15克/天，男性5-30克/天)

The study analyzed data from 78,865 women followed over 27 years and 44,354 men followed over 34 years. All participants were from the US, and over the course of the roughly 30-year study period, researchers tracked their health and lifestyle habits, focusing especially on the five points mentioned above.

哈佛大学的研究人员分析了78,865名女性和44,354名男性的数据，时间跨度分别为27年和34年。这些调查对象全部来自美国。在三十年左右的研究阶段里，研究人员追踪他们的健康习惯和生活习惯，其中着重关注上述五点。

Each individual component of a healthy lifestyle showed a significant association with risk of total mortality, cancer mortality, and cardiovascular mortality — each factor added approximately 2.5 years of life expectancy.

分析结果显示：上述每个健康生活习惯都和总体死亡率、癌症死亡率、心血管疾病死亡率存在显著联系——每个因素都能够增寿2.5年左右。

Researchers found that who didn’t adopt any of the low-risk lifestyle factors, the life expectancy at 50 years was 29 years for women and 25.5 years for men. But for those who adopted all five low-risk factors, life expectancy at age 50 was projected to be 43.1 years for women and 37.6 years for men. In other words, women gained an average life expectancy of 14 years, and men gained 12 years. But there was some very bad news.

研究人员发现：五十岁时，如果不具备上述任何健康习惯，那么男性的预期寿命还剩25.5年、女性的预期寿命还剩29年;如果具备上述所有健康习惯，那么男性的预期寿命还剩37.6年、女性的预期寿命还剩43.1年。也就是说，具备上述五点健康习惯的女性能够延寿14年，男性能够延寿12年。

“This study underscores the importance of following healthy lifestyle habits for improving longevity in the U.S. population,” said Frank Hu, chair of the Department of Nutrition at Harvard Chan School and senior author of the study. “However, adherence to healthy lifestyle habits is very low. Therefore, public policies should put more emphasis on creating healthy food, built, and social environments to support and promote healthy diet and lifestyles.”

这项研究表明，保持健康的生活习惯非常重要。然而，很少有人能够坚持下来。因此，研究人员认为，公共政策应该努力为人们创造健康的食物和健康的社会环境，从而促进人们的健康饮食和生活习惯。

Despite being arguably the wealthiest country in the world, America continues to struggle with its health. Both men and women having a significantly lower life expectancy than their counterparts in other parts of the world.

美国也许是世界上最富裕的国家，但美国人民的健康状况却不太理想——无论男性还是女性，预期寿命皆低于其它发达国家。

The U.S. ranked 31st in the world for life expectancy in 2015, and the study suggests while the US health system does a great job in terms of drug discovery and disease management, a greater emphasis on prevention would do a great deal to improve the health and life expectancy of Americans.

2015年，美国人的预期寿命在所有国家中排在第31名。尽管美国在开发药物和疾病管理方面做得很好，但他们应该更加重视疾病预防，这能够显著提升美国人的健康状况和预期寿命。