早上的决定最准确哦
Do you make better decisions in the morning or the evening? That might depend on whether you want a quick decision or an accurate one.
你在早上做的决定更优，还是晚上?事实上这可能取决于你是要做一个快速的决定，还是一个准确的决定。
Researchers looked at the decision-making behavior of 184 users of the Free Internet Chess Server (FICS) to discover at what time of day players made the best decisions. Chess players — who in this case made around 40 move decisions, in games lasting from three to 15 minutes — are often used in experiments that analyze complex human thinking. The FICS chess game database presented itself as the optimal study tool. With its treasure trove of time-stamped, right and wrong decisions, it allowed researchers to study not just the length of time but also the quality of real-world decision-making behavior at various times of day.
研究人员研究了184位自由互联网象棋服务器(FICS)用户的决策行为，以发现玩家在一天中的什么时间做出了最好的决定。 在这种情况下，国际象棋选手在持续3到15分钟的游戏中做了大约40个动作决定，这些决定常常被用在分析人类复杂思维的实验中。国际象棋数据库本身就是最佳的研究工具。利用时间戳、正确决策和错误决策，研究人员不仅可以研究时间的长短，还可以研究在一天中的不同时间中真实世界决策行为的质量。
The study published in the journal Cognition showed that whether you're a morning person or not, the most accurate decision-making happens on the early side of the day between 8 a.m. and 1 p.m.
这项发表在《认知》上的研究表明，无论你是否是一个早起的人，在早上8点到下午1点之间做出的决策是最准确的。
However, even though morning decisions were most accurate, those also took the longest to make. And that's a liability in a time-limited chess game. As the day wore on, the chess players' decision-making sped up but accuracy slumped. Ultimately the time of day had no effect on the players' scores, as decision speed and accuracy canceled each other out.
然而，即使早上的决定是最准确的，这些决定也花费了最长的时间。 在一个有时间限制的国际象棋比赛中，耗费时间长无疑是一种负担 。随着时间的推移，国际象棋选手的决策速度加快，但准确性大幅下降。这样决策速度和准确性的利弊相互抵消，一场游戏下来，对玩家的分数也就没有什么影响了。
"In some way these two variables are compensating to maintain the performance throughout the day," says the study's lead author, Maria Juliana Leone, a postdoctoral fellow at the Integrated Neuroscience Lab at the Universidad Torcuato Di Tella in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
该研究的主要作者、阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯 Torcuato Di Tella大学综合神经科学实验室的博士后 Maria Juliana Leone 说:"从某种程度上来说，这两个变量正在相互补偿，这样就让一天的表现维持了平衡。"
Leone suspected it was more than growing tiredness as a day waned that affected players' speed of decision-making. Groups of players were observed playing more games at certain times than others. She thought the gamers' chronotypes might be playing a role. These are classifications based on which of a day's 24 hours a person chooses for sleep. Subjects were asked to complete a Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire to determine whether they tended to be larks, who prefer to rise early, or owls, who like to sleep late.
Leone 认为，影响棋手做决策时间长短的，不仅仅只有疲劳因素。有几组玩家在特定时间内玩的次数比其他人要多。她认为，棋手下棋的时间点也起了一定作用。对棋手的分类，是基于他们每天睡觉的时间而定的。他们每个人都要完成一份“早晚问卷”，这样研究人员知道他们到底是早起勤奋的百灵鸟，还是爱睡懒觉的猫头鹰。
Leone's research showed that both larks and owls played the most chess games at about the same hours since awakening. (Even though owls would get started later than larks, the number of games would end up being the same.) Surprisingly, the decision-making pattern was the same for both groups — it got slower as the day progressed. However, the larks slowed down the most.
Leone 的研究表明，无论是“百灵鸟”还是“猫头鹰”，都能在一定时间内完成最多的棋局(尽管猫头鹰起步晚于百灵鸟，但完成游戏的数量最终也会相同)。并且令人惊讶的是，随着时间的推移，这两组做决定的速度都变得越来越慢，和之前的结果一样。但是“百灵鸟”组变慢的最明显。
So how can we put the findings of this study to concrete use? "If we know that during the morning we are slower but our decisions are more accurate and during the afternoon we know that our decisions will be faster but less accurate, we can decide when to make some important decisions according to what is important for that decision in particular," says Leone, herself a chess champion. "Maybe we need to prioritize the time or the quality. If we need to make a decision faster, maybe it's better to make that decision in the afternoon.
那么我们如何将这项研究的发现付诸实践呢?"如果我们知道，在早晨做决定的速度慢，但我们的决定更准确，在下午我们知道我们的决定会更快，但准确度会降低，那么我们就可以根据决策的重要性来决定什么时候做出一些重要的决定,"自己已经是国际象棋冠军的Leone说。 "我们需要优先考虑时间和质量。如果我们需要更快地做出决定，也许最好在下午做出决定。”
Leone took the chronotype questionnaire and found she was halfway between the morning larks and the night owls. She therefore tries to schedule intense work tasks closer to the middle of the day. But with all the daily demands of the work, she hasn't yet managed to divide and schedule her decision-making for optimal results. "It is not easy for me either," she says.
她本身也做了调查问卷，发现她在属于两者之间。因此，她试图把紧张的工作任务安排在接近中午的时候。 但是，由于每天工作的需要，她还没有设法合理分配和安排她的决策以获得最佳结果。"这对我来说也不容易,"她表示。
