你的易怒暴露了你的自负

您的脾气暴躁吗?呃，看了下面的内容，请不要打我们好不……您可能并不像你想象的那么聪明——这是根据波兰和澳大利亚的科学家共同研究得出的结论。

And it's because anger is strongly related to traits such as optimism and narcissism, which tend to lead a person to overestimation of their own abilities.

因为愤怒与乐观和自恋等特质密切相关，这些特征往往会导致一个人高估自己的能力。

"In a recent project I examined the relationship between anger and various cognitive functions," psychologist Marcin Zajenkowski of the University of Warsaw told Psypost.

“在最近的一个项目中，我研究了愤怒与各种认知功能之间的关系。”华沙大学的心理学家Marcin Zajenkowski说，

"I noticed from the literature review that anger differs significantly from other negative emotions, such as sadness, anxiety or depression. Anger is more approach oriented and associated with optimistic risk perception and generally optimistic bias."

“我从文献综述中注意到，愤怒与其他负面情绪有很大不同，例如悲伤，焦虑或抑郁。愤怒更多是面向路径的，与乐观主义的风险感知和普遍的乐观偏见相关联。”

He wanted to see if anger had any relationship with a bias in favour of the person's own abilities, so, together with psychologist Gilles Gignac of the University of Western Australia, designed an experiment to test it.

他想看看愤怒是否与高估自身能力有关，因此与西澳大利亚大学的心理学家Gilles Gignac一起设计了一个实验。

They recruited 528 people and had them fill out questionnaires. These questionnaires quizzed them on their temper, and asked them to also rate their own intelligence on a 25-point scale. Then they had to take an intelligence test.

他们招募了528位志愿者，让他们填写调查问卷。内容涉及个人的脾气秉性，要求他们为自己的性格打分，满分是25。然后他们还要接受智商测试。

There was no relationship found between the participants' temper and their actual intelligence levels. So you could, in fact, be a smart angry person.

结果发现，参与者的脾气大小与他们的实际智力水平之间没有任何关系。事实上，你可以成为一个即聪明又容易被激怒的人。

However, those with a high temper were found, overall, to overestimate how intelligent they actually were. This facet of anger - overconfident optimism - was found to be related to narcissism. And it could be causing damage interpersonal relationships, too.

然而，总体而言，脾气暴躁的人高估了他们实际上的聪明程度。这种愤怒——过于自信的乐观主义——被认为与自恋相关。它也可能损害良性的人际关系。

"Individuals with high Narcissism do not establish deep, intimate bonds with others, but rather surpass and dominate others. Correspondingly, Trait Anger is associated with problems in relationships," the researchers wrote in their paper.

论文中写道：“高度自恋的人并不与他人建立深厚的亲密关系，而是要超越并支配其他人。相应地，愤怒特质令人际关系出现问题。”

"We speculate that these difficulties may be related to the thoughts of superiority to others, especially in the ability domain. Often, experiences of anger might result in thoughts such as, 'I am smart' and 'You are stupid', which may, in turn, cause problems in creating positive relations with others."

“我们推测可能与他人的优越感有关，特别是在能力领域。通常，愤怒中可能会产生诸如‘我聪明’ 和‘你是愚蠢的’ 之类的想法，反过来，怀抱这种想法，就会被对方的优越感激怒——‘你竟然愚蠢到不听从我的真知灼见’。”

The study did have limitations. All the participants were Polish university undergraduates, which may subject it to the WEIRD problem. The researchers' measure of self-assessed intelligence was also a somewhat simple one, and there may be more reliable ways of assessing overconfidence.

该研究确实有局限性。所有参与者都是波兰大学的本科生，来源单一的样本可能受到某种共同因素的干扰。研究人员对脾气的测量方式也很粗糙，可能需要更可靠的方法来评估人们的自信程度。

Lastly, it was based on self-report surveys, rather than an experiment. In these cases, it's possible that the participants' assessment of their own behaviour is inaccurate.

最后，它是基于自我报告的调查，而不是实验。在这些情况下，参与者对自己行为的评估可能是不准确的。

So a causal link between the correlation of anger and intelligence overestimation cannot be established at this point - further research would need to take place.

因此，目前还无法为愤怒和智力自负的相关性建立起因果关系——需要进行进一步的研究。

The team noted that they only assessed those with a disposition towards anger. Future research, they said, could also look at transient, fleeting anger to determine if a similar effect can be observed.

该团队指出，他们只评估了那些总是抱有愤怒情绪的人。他们表示，未来的研究还可以考虑短暂的、稍纵即逝的愤怒情绪，以确定是否可以观察到类似的效果。

The team's research has been published in the journal Intelligence.

研究成果发表在Intelligence期刊上。