以植物为基础的饮食可能有助于预防2型糖尿病

以植物为基础的饮食可能有助于预防2型糖尿病

Sticking to a plant-based diet could help lower your risk of type 2 diabetes, a new paper suggests.

一篇新的论文表明，坚持以植物为基础的饮食可以帮助降低患2型糖尿病的风险。

That link between plant-based eating habits and type 2 diabetes is even more beneficial when only healthy plant-based foods -- such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and nuts -- are included in your daily diet, as opposed to refined grains, starches and sugars, according to the study, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine on Monday.

周一发表在“美国医学会内科杂志”(JAMA Internal Medicine)上的这项研究显示，如果你的日常饮食中只有健康的植物性食物-如水果、蔬菜、全谷类、豆类和坚果-而不是精制谷物、淀粉和糖，那么植物性饮食习惯与2型糖尿病之间的联系就会更加有益。

"We further showed that individuals who consumed a healthy version of the plant-based diet by emphasizing the intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, and minimizing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and refined carbohydrates, had a further 30% reduction in their risk of developing type 2 diabetes," he said. "I would describe these risk reductions as being quite significant."Doctors have long known that a healthy diet -- along with regular exercise, maintaining a healthy body weight and not smoking -- are among the ways to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.

他说：“我们进一步表明，通过强调新鲜水果、蔬菜、全谷类、坚果和豆类的摄入，以及尽量减少含糖饮料和精制碳水化合物的摄入，食用健康版本的植物性饮食的人，他们患2型糖尿病的风险进一步降低了30%。”“我会把这些风险降低描述为相当显著。”医生们很早就知道，健康的饮食-加上定期锻炼，保持健康的体重和不吸烟-是预防或延迟2型糖尿病发生的方法之一。

"Indeed, a vegetarian or other plant-based diets that are high in free sugars and refined carbohydrates is likely to increase risk of type 2 diabetes especially when associated with low levels of physical activity," Tom Sanders, professor emeritus of nutrition and dietetics at King's College London noted in a written statement distributed by the Science Media Centre in the UK. He was not involved in the new paper.

“的确，高游离糖和精制碳水化合物的素食或其他以植物为基础的饮食很可能会增加患2型糖尿病的风险，特别是当与低水平的体力活动相关时，”伦敦国王学院营养学和营养学荣休教授汤姆·桑德斯(Tom Sanders)在英国科学媒体中心(The Science Media Centre)发布的一份书面声明中指出。他没有参与那篇新论文。

More than 30 million people in the United States, or about 1 in 10, have diabetes and up to 95% of them have type 2 diabetes, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

根据美国疾病控制和预防中心(Centers For Disease Control And Prevention)的数据，美国有超过3000万人患有糖尿病，约十分之一的人患有糖尿病，其中高达95%患有2型糖尿病。

Globally, diabetes is on the rise -- the number of people with diabetes has climbed from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, according to the World Health Organization.

在全球范围内，糖尿病正在上升-根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)的数据，患有糖尿病的人数已从1980年的1.08亿人攀升至2014年的4.22亿人。

The new paper involved reviewing nine previously published studies on plant-based eating habits and type 2 diabetes among adults. Those studies included a total of 23,544 cases of type 2 diabetes.

这篇新的论文涉及到回顾之前发表的九项关于成人中以植物为基础的饮食习惯和2型糖尿病的研究。这些研究包括总共23，544例2型糖尿病患者。

After reviewing the data in those studies, the researchers found that a higher adherence to a plant-based diet was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes -- and that was consistent across all age groups and despite a person's body mass index.

在回顾了这些研究中的数据后，研究人员发现，更高的坚持植物性饮食与较低的2型糖尿病风险相关-这在所有年龄组中都是一致的，尽管一个人的体重指数也是如此。

Body mass index, or BMI, is a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters, and the measurement is used to screen for obesity. A BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight, and a BMI of 30 or greater is considered obese.

身体质量指数(BMI)是一个人的体重(以公斤为单位)除以身高(以米为单位)的平方，测量结果用于筛查肥胖。BMI在25到29.9之间被认为是超重，而BMI在30或更大被认为是肥胖。

Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

肥胖是2型糖尿病的危险因素。

There were some limitations in the new paper, including that the dietary data in the studies were based on people self-reporting their eating habits, which poses a risk of bias. Also only an association between plant-based diets and lower diabetes risk was found. More research is needed to determine if a causal relationship indeed exists.

这篇新的论文有一些局限性，包括研究中的饮食数据是基于人们自我报告他们的饮食习惯，这构成了偏见的风险。此外，仅发现植物性饮食与较低糖尿病风险之间的关联。需要更多的研究来确定是否确实存在因果关系。