吃得好，多锻炼：降低痴呆症风险的新全球指南

吃得好，多锻炼：降低痴呆症风险的新全球指南

There's no effective treatment for dementia, which affects 50 million people worldwide, but the World Health Organization says there's much can be done to delay or slow the onset and progression of the disease.

没有有效治疗痴呆症的方法，全世界有5000万人受到影响，但世界卫生组织表示，可以采取很多措施来延缓或延缓该病的发生和发展。

In guidelines released Tuesday, WHO issued its first recommendations to reduce the risk of dementia globally. They include regular physical exercise, not using tobacco, drinking less alcohol, maintaining healthy blood pressure and eating a healthy diet -- particularly a Mediterranean one.

在周二发布的指导方针中，世卫组织首次提出了降低全球痴呆症风险的建议。包括有规律的体育锻炼，不吸烟，少喝酒，保持健康的血压和健康的饮食-特别是地中海饮食。

The international health body also warned against taking dietary supplements such as vitamins B and E in an effort to combat cognitive decline and dementia.

国际卫生组织还警告不要服用维生素B和E等膳食补充剂，以对抗认知减退和痴呆症。

"While some people are unlucky and inherit a combination of genes that makes it highly likely they will develop dementia, many people have the opportunity to substantially reduce their risk by living a healthy lifestyle," professor Tara Spires-Jones, UK Dementia Research Institute program lead and deputy director of the Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, told the Science Media Center.

英国痴呆症研究所项目负责人、爱丁堡大学发现脑科学中心副主任塔拉·斯皮尔斯-琼斯教授告诉科学媒体中心：“虽然有些人运气不好，遗传的基因组合使他们极有可能患上痴呆症，但许多人有机会通过健康的生活方式来大幅降低自己的风险。”他是英国痴呆症研究所项目负责人，也是爱丁堡大学发现脑科学中心(Centre For Discovery Brain Sciences At The University Of Edinburgh)的副主任。

What will and won't help

什么会有帮助，什么不会有帮助

The 78-page report outlined what WHO believes will -- and won't -- help reduce the risk of dementia, which has been described by campaigners as the biggest health challenge of our generation.

这份长达78页的报告概述了世卫组织认为将-以及不会-有助于降低痴呆症风险的内容，而痴呆症一直被活动家描述为我们这代人最大的健康挑战。It recommended physical activity, stopping smoking, consuming less alcohol and a healthy, balanced diet. In particular, it says that committing to a Mediterranean diet (simple plant-based cooking, little meat and a heavy emphasis on olive oil) could help.

它建议进行体育锻炼，戒烟，减少饮酒和健康均衡的饮食。具体地说，它说，致力于地中海饮食 (简单的植物性烹饪，少吃肉，高度强调橄榄油)可能会有所帮助。

"The Mediterranean diet is the most extensively studied dietary approach, in general as well as in relation to cognitive function," the report said. "Several systematic reviews of observational studies have concluded that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with decreased risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease, but modest adherence is not."

“地中海饮食是研究最广泛的饮食方法，总的来说，以及与认知功能相关的，”报告说。“对观察性研究的几个系统回顾得出的结论是，高度坚持地中海饮食与降低轻度认知障碍和阿尔茨海默病的风险有关，但适度坚持与此无关。”

The report recommended proper management of weight, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia -- unhealthy or unbalanced cholesterol levels -- as measures that could potentially reduce the risk of dementia and cognitive decline.

该报告建议适当管理体重、高血压、糖尿病和血脂异常-不健康或不平衡的胆固醇水平-作为可能降低痴呆和认知能力下降风险的措施。

Although the report stressed that social participation and social support are strongly connected to good health and individual well-being, it said there was insufficient evidence linking social activity with a reduced of risk of dementia.

尽管该报告强调，社会参与和社会支持与良好的健康和个人福祉密切相关，但它表示，没有足够的证据表明社交活动与痴呆症风险的降低有关。

Similarly, it said cognitive training could be offered to older adults but the evidence linking it to a lower risk of dementia was "very low to low."

同样，它说可以向老年人提供认知培训，但将其与较低的痴呆症风险联系起来的证据是“非常低到很低的”。