不同类型的疼痛
不同类型的疼痛
What kind of pain do you have? Sorting out different types of pain can be helpful when considering how to relieve it. How long pain lasts, where it arises and how it feels are some of the ways pain is classified. Acute pain and chronic pain are the two major pain "types." Chronic pain, which is more complex, includes several categories involving a variety of causes and treatments. Here are some of the ways that people may experience pain.
你有什么痛?在考虑如何减轻疼痛时，区分不同类型的疼痛是有帮助的。疼痛持续多久，在哪里产生，感觉如何是疼痛的一些分类方法。急性疼痛和慢性疼痛是两种主要的疼痛“桶”。慢性疼痛更为复杂，包括多种原因和治疗。以下是一些人们可能经历痛苦的方式。
Chronic pain
慢性疼痛
Chronic pain makes life miserable for a lot of people. About 100 million Americans suffer from chronic pain, according to the Institute of Medicine. A simple definition of chronic pain is that it's any pain lasting more than 12 weeks. But duration is only part of what sets chronic pain apart. "I would almost consider chronic pain as a disease state itself," says Dr. Asokumar Buvanendran, president of the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.
慢性疼痛让很多人的生活很痛苦。据美国医学研究所(Institute of Medicine)统计，大约有1亿美国人患有慢性疼痛。慢性疼痛的一个简单定义是任何持续超过12周的疼痛。但持续时间只是区分慢性疼痛的一部分。“我几乎认为慢性疼痛本身就是一种疾病，”美国区域麻醉和疼痛医学协会主席Asokumar Buvanendran博士说。
"Arthritis pain is not just in one hand or one knee," says Buvanendran, who is an anesthesiologist at the Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. "It affects the whole body and so there are whole systems that are also affected." Hormonal and metabolic changes arising from pain can cause significant consequences and lasting damage, he says.
芝加哥拉什大学医学中心的麻醉师Buvanendran说:“关节炎的疼痛并不仅仅发生在单手或单膝上。”“它会影响整个身体，所以整个系统也会受到影响。”他说，由疼痛引起的激素和代谢变化会造成严重后果和持久的损害。
Nerve pain
神经疼痛
It's not surprising that nerve damage can lead to pain: Nerve pain, or neuropathic pain, can result from conditions such as diabetes, shingles and HIV; trauma and certain treatments, notably cancer chemotherapy.
神经损伤能导致疼痛并不奇怪:神经疼痛，或神经性疼痛，可由糖尿病、带状疱疹和艾滋病等疾病引起;创伤和某些治疗，尤其是癌症化疗。
People with diabetes may develop diabetic neuropathies, when high blood sugar affects the nerves, primarily in the legs and feet but also in the hands. Certain medications used for other conditions may also improve diabetes-related nerve pain, including anti-seizure drugs such as gabapentin (Neurontin or Gralise), or specific antidepressants like duloxetine (Cymbalta). A device called a spinal cord stimulator may help control neuropathic pain.
糖尿病患者可能会发展成糖尿病神经病，当高血糖影响神经，主要在腿和脚，但也在手。某些用于其他病症的药物也可能改善与糖尿病相关的神经疼痛，包括抗癫痫药物加巴喷丁(Neurontin或Gralise)，或特定的抗抑郁药物杜罗西汀(Cymbalta)。一种叫做脊髓刺激器的设备可以帮助控制神经性疼痛。
Back pain
背部疼痛
Chronic back pain is pervasive . First comes back pain itself, followed by the agony of back surgery – which can then lead to a sequel of long-lasting pain if things don't go well, Buvanendran warns. Advanced brain scans called functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, have identified changes in the brain stemming from chronic low back pain, according to a March 2018 evidence review in the Clinical Journal of Pain. If you live with low back pain, you may have to go through a gamut of treatments and lifestyle changes to find a method that works.
慢性背痛很普遍。Buvanendran警告说，首先是背部疼痛本身，其次是背部手术的痛苦——如果事情进展不顺利，手术可能会导致长期的疼痛。根据2018年3月发表在《疼痛临床杂志》(Clinical Journal of pain)上的一篇证据综述，被称为功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)的高级脑部扫描，已经发现了由慢性下腰痛引起的大脑变化。如果你患有下腰痛，你可能必须经历一系列的治疗和生活方式的改变，才能找到一种有效的方法。
