圣诞节鸟类计数从12月14日开始

圣诞节鸟类计数从12月14日开始

The 120th annual Christmas Bird Count or CBC begins Dec. 14, and scientists are relying on more than 70,000 volunteers to help them gather data about birds across the Western Hemisphere.

第120届年度圣诞鸟类统计(CBC)于12月14日开始，科学家们正依靠7万多名志愿者帮助他们收集有关西半球鸟类的数据。

Each year, Audubon mobilizes experienced bird-watchers and amateurs alike to participate in the world's longest running citizen-science survey.

每年，奥杜邦都会动员经验丰富的鸟类观察者和业余爱好者参加世界上持续时间最长的公民科学调查。

In last year's count, red-breasted nuthatches were found in large numbers, far from their normal range. (Photo: Megumi Aita/Audubon Photography Awards)

The CBC helps ornithologists study the fluctuation, range and movement of bird populations across the continent, enabling them to better understand how bird species are faring.

CBC帮助鸟类学家研究整个大陆鸟类种群的波动、范围和移动，使他们更好地了解鸟类物种的生存状况。

Audubon scientists have analyzed 30 years of climate data and tens of thousands of CBC bird observations to study how climate change affects bird populations.

奥杜邦的科学家分析了30年的气候数据和成千上万的CBC鸟类观察数据，以研究气候变化如何影响鸟类数量。

A September study published in the journal Science found that nearly 3 billion birds have disappeared on the continent since 1970. And an October Audubon report found that two-thirds of birds in North America are at risk due to warming temperatures and human impact on the planet.

9月份发表在《科学》(Science)杂志上的一项研究发现，自1970年以来，非洲大陆上已经有近30亿只鸟类消失。一份10月份的奥杜邦报告发现，由于全球变暖和人类对地球的影响，北美三分之二的鸟类正处于危险之中。

Information gathered from the CBC will help scientists pinpoint priority areas for conservation efforts. New this year, volunteers are also being asked to upload photos and short anecdotes during the bird count in real time.

从CBC收集的信息将帮助科学家确定保护工作的优先领域。今年，志愿者还被要求实时上传鸟类统计期间的照片和趣闻轶事。

"The Christmas Bird Count is a great tradition and opportunity for everyone to be a part of 120 years of ongoing community science," said Geoff LeBaron, Audubon’s Christmas Bird Count director, in a news release. "Adding your observations to twelve decades of data helps scientists and conservationists discover trends that make our work more impactful. Participating in the Christmas Bird Count is a fun and meaningful way to spend a winter day for anyone and everyone."

奥杜邦公司的圣诞鸟类统计主管杰夫·勒巴伦在新闻发布会上说:“圣诞鸟类统计是一个伟大的传统，也是让每个人都参与到120年来一直在进行的社区科学研究中的机会。”“将你的观察加入到12年的数据中，可以帮助科学家和环保人士发现使我们的工作更具影响力的趋势。参加圣诞节鸟类计数活动对任何人来说都是一个有趣而有意义的度过冬日的方式。”

Last year's findings

去年的调查结果

Bird-watchers can keep an eye out for the declining northern bobwhite, the only native quail in the eastern U.S. (Photo: Steve Maslowski/USFWS [CC BY 2.0]/Flickr)

For the 2018 count, 79,425 observers tallied more than 48.6 million birds belonging to 2,638 species.

在2018年的统计中，79,425名观察员统计了2,638个物种的4860多万只鸟类。

Although the number of human participants was at a record high, the total numbers of birds tallied over the past 33 CBC seasons has dropped dramatically. In 2018, it was 10 to 20 million birds short of the average numbers counted through the past 20 seasons.

尽管人类参与的数量创历史新高，但过去33个CBC季节的鸟类总数却急剧下降。2018年，比过去20个季节的平均数量少了1000万到2000万只。

"For years it has been mentioned in the annual Christmas Bird Count summaries that we shouldn't worry too much about the total number of birds each season, as it can vary tremendously depending upon whether winter roosts of blackbirds, crows, or robins happen to be within count circles," LeBaron writes.. "But still, especially in light of the recent paper published this fall about diminishing numbers of birds across the continent, this disturbing trend deserves some future analyses."

勒巴伦写道:“多年来，在每年的圣诞鸟类统计总结中都提到，我们不应该过于担心每个季节的鸟类总数，因为它可能会极大地变化，这取决于冬季栖息的黑鸟、乌鸦或知更鸟是否恰好在统计范围内。”“但是，特别是考虑到今年秋天发表的关于整个非洲大陆鸟类数量减少的论文，这种令人不安的趋势值得未来进行一些分析。”

Newly spotted for the U.S. in 2018 was a great black hawk near Portland, Maine, and a little stint in San Diego. A fish crow in Hamilton, Ontario, was a new addition to the all-time Canadian species list.

2018年美国最新发现的是缅因州波特兰附近的一只大黑鹰，以及在圣地亚哥的短暂停留。安大略汉密尔顿的一只乌鸦是加拿大历史上物种名单上的新成员。

Researchers found that the northern bobwhite, the only native quail in the eastern U.S., continues its downward spiral. Due to loss of habitat exacerbated by droughts, the species faces massive declines. However, red-breasted nuthatches and purple finches had major irruptions and were found in large numbers far from their normal ranges.

研究人员发现，北美山齿鹑是美国东部唯一的本土鹌鹑，它的下行螺旋仍在继续。由于干旱加剧了栖息地的丧失，该物种面临着大规模的衰退。然而，红胸裸胸草雀和紫斑胸草雀有大量的入侵，而且发现它们的数量远远超出正常范围。

The Christmas Bird Count runs through Jan. 5. For more information , visit Audubon's website.

圣诞节鸟类统计将持续到1月5日。更多信息，请访问奥杜邦的网站。