即使在不吸烟的地方，你也不可能远离三手烟
即使在不吸烟的地方，你也不可能远离三手烟
Most people are probably familiar with the concept of second-hand cigarette smoke. Standing in the general vicinity of someone who is smoking can lead to unhealthy or even fatal tobacco exposure. Now scientists are warning of the dangers of third-hand smoking, showing even smoke-free locations may not be entirely safe.
大多数人可能都熟悉二手烟的概念。站在吸烟的人周围会导致不健康甚至致命的烟草接触。现在，科学家们对三手烟的危害发出警告，表明即使是在无烟的地方也不一定完全安全。
The experience of sitting next to a heavy smoker and inhaling the stink from their clothes is common, but you may consider it more an annoyance than a health concern. However, Dr Drew Gentner and colleagues at Yale thought it better to check. They measured the concentrations of tobacco-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a non-smoking cinema as patrons, both smoking and non-smoking, came and went.
坐在烟鬼旁边，吸入他们衣服上的臭味，这种经历很常见，但你可能会认为这是一种烦恼，而不是健康问题。然而，耶鲁大学的德鲁·根特纳博士和他的同事们认为最好还是去核实一下。他们测量了一家无烟区电影院中与烟草相关的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的浓度，因为顾客们，无论吸烟还是不吸烟，都来了又走。
Stephen Luntz
In Science Advances they report: “These VOC emission events exposed occupants to the equivalent of 1-10 cigarettes of secondhand smoke, including multiple hazardous air pollutants (eg. benzene and formaldehyde) at parts-per-billion concentrations.” Nicotine was by far the most common molecule. Moreover, they add, that's not the worst of it. The movie theater, in this case, was large and well-ventilated. Conditions could be considerably worse in tighter situations.
他们在《科学进展》杂志上报告说:“这些VOC排放事件使居住者暴露在相当于1-10支二手烟的环境中，其中包括多种有害的空气污染物(例如:苯和甲醛)，浓度为十亿分之一。“到目前为止，尼古丁是最常见的分子。此外，他们补充说，这还不是最糟糕的。在这个例子中，电影院很大，通风良好。在更紧张的情况下，情况可能会更糟。
The authors are not the first to consider third-hand smoke's dangers. They note previous studies that have shown its effects on cultured cells and live mice. As you might imagine, none of these are good. Similarly, smoker's homes have been found to contain a lot of VOCs even when they are not currently smoking.
作者并不是第一个考虑三手烟危害的人。他们注意到以前的研究已经显示了它对培养细胞和活老鼠的影响。你可以想象，这些都不好。同样的，吸烟者的家里也被发现含有大量的挥发性有机化合物，即使他们现在不吸烟。
The circumstances Gentner investigated, however, are relevant to far more people, and hadn't previously been examined.
然而，根特纳调查的情况涉及的人要多得多，而且之前从未被调查过。
The study was done in Germany, where smoking in cinemas has been banned for 15 years, easily long enough to remove any legacy of people lighting up inside. The venue's air intakes were far away from potential sources of smoke, yet 35 different VOCs associated with tobacco were detected over a four-day period. Concentrations peaked at the start of films as patrons arrived, carrying their smoke particles with them. The type of film made a difference, with those that appealed to children and their parents having smaller VOC spikes than horror movies.
这项研究是在德国进行的，在那里，在电影院吸烟已经被禁止了15年，很容易就能消除人们在里面吸烟的任何后遗症。该场所的进气口远离潜在的烟雾来源，但在4天的时间里检测到35种不同的与烟草有关的挥发性有机化合物。电影开始时，随着顾客带着烟雾颗粒的到来，浓度达到了顶峰。电影的类型不同，那些吸引孩子和他们的父母的电影比恐怖电影的挥发性有机化合物含量少。
Identifying the problem is one thing, addressing it another. There would be serious social and civil liberties consequences if people are banned from certain indoor locations because they carry tobacco on their clothes, not to mention the difficulties of enforcement.
发现问题是一回事，解决问题又是另一回事。如果人们因为衣服上携带烟草而被禁止进入某些室内场所，将会产生严重的社会和公民自由后果，更不用说执法的困难了。
Discouraging teenagers smoking early in life would certainly help, even if only in the long term. Earlier this week a study in Addiction measured the impact on teenagers of being close to tobacco outlets. Its finding that proximity did not affect whether someone smoked, but did increase the number of cigarettes consumed by smokers, suggests limiting outlet locations might help.
在青少年早期就阻止他们吸烟肯定会有帮助，即使只是长期的。本周早些时候，一项关于成瘾的研究测量了青少年接近烟草销售点的影响。研究发现，近距离接触并不影响吸烟者是否吸烟，但确实增加了吸烟者的香烟消费量，这表明限制门店的位置可能会有所帮助。
