担心冠状病毒吗?读读这篇文章

担心冠状病毒吗?读读这篇文章

The novel coronavirus can infect anyone, but it's older adults — ages 60 and up — who are more likely to get seriously sick from it.

这种新型冠状病毒可以感染任何人，但60岁以上的老年人更有可能因此患上严重疾病。

Some tips are applicable to every generation, but there are specific precautions older adults should take to protect their health.

有些建议适用于每一代人，但是老年人应该采取一些具体的预防措施来保护他们的健康。

We spoke to two geriatricians and pulled guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to assemble what people 60 and up need to know about the novel coronavirus.

我们采访了两位老年病学家，并从美国疾病控制与预防中心获得指导，收集了60岁及以上人群需要了解的新型冠状病毒信息。

Recommendations for Covid-19 may change as officials learn more, so monitor your local health department and the CDC for updates.

对Covid-19的建议可能会随着官员了解的更多而改变，因此请密切关注当地卫生部门和疾病预防控制中心的最新情况。

What's your risk level

你的风险水平是多少

The CDC says "older adults" and people with severe chronic illness are more likely to become severely ill from Covid-19. Infectious disease experts define "older adults" as anyone age 60 and up, so people in that age group should be cautious.

美国疾病控制与预防中心说，“老年人”和患有严重慢性病的人更有可能因为Covid-19而患上重病。传染病专家将“老年人”定义为任何年龄在60岁以上的人，所以这个年龄段的人应该谨慎。

It's possible to contract the virus at a younger age — it's just more dangerous in older adults because the immune system weakens with age, said Dr. Samir Sinha, director of Geriatrics for the Sinai Health System and the University Health Network in Toronto.

西奈卫生系统和多伦多大学卫生网络的老年病学主任萨米尔·辛哈博士说，在较年轻的时候感染这种病毒是可能的，但在老年人身上就更危险了，因为随着年龄的增长，免疫系统会减弱。

People over the age of 80 may want to exercise even more caution. A report published in the medical journal JAMA that examined more than 72.000 Chinese coronavirus patients found that the overall fatality rate was 2.3%. But in adults over 80. the fatality rate rose to 15%.

80岁以上的人可能需要更加谨慎。发表在医学杂志《美国医学会杂志》上的一份报告对7.2万多名中国冠状病毒患者进行了检查，结果发现总病死率为2.3%。但在80岁以上的成年人中，死亡率上升到15%。

If you live in a community where there's an outbreak, you're at a higher risk of infection, too. Follow the advice below.

如果你生活在一个疫情爆发的社区，你也有更高的感染风险。遵循下面的建议。

What precautions you should take now

你现在应该采取什么预防措施

Cancel all non-essential doctor's appointments, said Dr. Carla Perissinotto, an associate professor in the Geriatrics Division of the University of California-San Francisco's Department of Medicine.

加州大学旧金山分校医学系老年病学部门的副教授卡拉·佩里西诺托说，取消所有不必要的预约。

•      Whether it's a standard check-up, a follow-up appointment for a stable condition or an elective procedure, if it can wait, then it should.

无论是标准体检、病情稳定的随访预约还是择期手术，如果可以等待，那么就应该等待。

•      If you have an important appointment coming up, consider doing it in a video call or from your smartphone. Telehealth tech lets physicians confer with patients who may not be able to leave their homes.

如果你即将有一个重要的约会，可以考虑通过视频电话或智能手机来完成。远程医疗技术可以让医生为那些可能无法离开家的病人提供咨询。

•      Tell a friend, a loved one, a co-worker or a neighbor if you're concerned about the illness. Appoint one of them as an emergency contact who you can call with concerns or requests for help.

如果你担心疾病, 告诉朋友、爱人、同事或邻居。指定他们中的一个作为紧急联系人，你可以打电话询问他们的问题或请求帮助。

•      Do what you'd do during flu season: Wash your hands frequently. Use hand sanitizer when soap and water aren't available, though washing your hands is preferred.

做你在流感季节会做的事:经常洗手。在没有肥皂和水的情况下使用洗手液，但洗手是更好的选择。

What you should stock up on

你应该储备什么

•      The CDC recommends keeping enough groceries and toiletries on hand to last you a "prolonged period of time."

美国疾病控制与预防中心建议，在手边准备足够的食品和洗漱用品，以维持“一段较长的时间”。

•      Stock up on toothpaste, detergent, water filters, etc.

储备牙膏、清洁剂、水过滤器等。

How you should alter daily activities

你应该如何改变日常活动

Older adults living in communities where the virus has spread should take extra precautions.

居住在病毒传播地区的老年人应该采取额外的预防措施。

•      Avoid public places where crowds may gather or poorly ventilated buildings where the risk of transmission is higher, the CDC said.

美国疾病控制与预防中心说，避免在人群聚集的公共场所或通风不良、传播风险较高的建筑物。

•      You don't need to shut yourself off from public life — just be vigilant when you enter it.

你不需要把自己与公共生活隔绝——当你进入公共生活时要保持警惕。

•      Older adults should still exercise and eat right, just as they would at any other time of the year.

老年人仍然应该锻炼和正确饮食，就像他们在一年中的其他任何时候一样。

How you should handle travel

你应该如何处理旅行

•      The CDC advises against non-essential plane travel for older adults. Several US airlines have already slashed their flight schedules for the next few months.

疾病预防控制中心建议老年人不要乘坐非必要的飞机旅行。几家美国航空公司已经削减了未来几个月的航班计划。

•      It's wise to stay off cruise ships for now, too. Cruise passengers are at an increased risk of person-to-person transmission with all the tight quarters, the CDC said, so if you're already made cruise plans, it's best to cancel them.

现在远离游轮也是明智的。疾控中心表示，由于舱位紧张，游轮乘客的人际传播风险增加，所以如果你已经制定了游轮旅行计划，最好取消旅行计划。

What you need to know about self-isolation

关于自我隔离你需要知道什么

•      The CDC recommends that high-risk groups in communities with outbreaks stay home as much as possible and that people who believe they're sick isolate themselves.

疾控中心建议爆发疫情的社区的高危人群尽可能呆在家里，那些认为自己生病的人应该隔离自己。

•      Don't cut off contact with family or friends.

不要切断与家人或朋友的联系。

•      Keep in touch to update them on your condition and curb boredom.

保持联系，告诉他们你的最新情况，避免无聊。

If you think you have the novel coronavirus:Stay home and call your physician.

如果你认为你感染了新型冠状病毒:呆在家里，打电话给你的医生。

If you're diagnosed with the novel coronavirus and your illness is mild: Your physician may advise that you stay home until you recover. If your symptoms are more severe, you may be hospitalized so physicians can monitor your condition.

如果你被诊断出感染了新型冠状病毒，而且病情较轻，你的医生可能会建议你呆在家里直到康复。如果你的症状更严重，你可能需要住院，以便医生监测你的情况。