怎样才能结束关闭?控制冠状病毒的5个关键

怎样才能结束关闭?控制冠状病毒的5个关键

First things first: it's not yet time to end social distancing and go back to work and church and concerts and handshakes.

首先:现在还不是结束社交距离、回到工作、教堂、音乐会和握手的时候。

Public health experts say social distancing appears to be working, and letting up these measures too soon could be disastrous. Until there is a sustained reduction in new cases — and the coronavirus' spread is clearly slowing — we need to stay the course.

公共卫生专家表示，社会距离似乎正在起作用，过早放开这些措施可能会带来灾难性后果。在新病例的持续减少，以及冠状病毒的传播明显放缓之前，我们需要坚持下去。

Still, society can't stay shut down forever. Public health and state leaders are starting to talk about how and when to relax social distancing guidelines, and President Trump is expected to soon announce finalized guidelines to help states make those decisions. Even then, it's clear that life won't go back to normal all at once. A lot of it will come down to local and regional circumstances.

然而，社会不可能永远关闭。公共卫生和各州领导人开始讨论如何以及何时放松社会距离指导方针，特朗普总统预计将很快宣布帮助各州做出这些决定的最终指导方针。即便如此，很明显，生活不会马上回到正常状态。其中很大一部分将取决于当地和地区的情况。

Here are five key things health experts say must be addressed as we begin to start businesses and community life up again.

以下是健康专家认为在我们重启企业业和社区生活时必须解决的5个关键问题。

1. Improve rapid testing

提高快速测试（能力）

Among public health leaders, the mantra for stopping coronavirus from surging is "test, trace and isolate." Widespread testing with fast results is the first step — if we don't have enough tests, we don't know where the virus is spreading. This has been a major sticking point in the U.S. response to the coronavirus, though progress has been made.

在公共卫生领导人中，防止冠状病毒激增的口号是“检测、追踪和隔离”。广泛的检测和快速的结果是第一步，如果我们没有足够的检测，我们就不知道病毒在哪里传播。这一直是美国应对冠状病毒的一个主要症结，尽管已经取得了进展。

A test that provides results in less than 15 minutes is now available in some hospitals and doctor's offices. The company that produces it, Abbott, says it is able to provide about 50.000 tests per day.

一种不到15分钟就能得出结果的检测方法现在已经在一些医院和医生的办公室里使用了。生产这种疫苗的Abbott公司表示，他们每天能够提供大约5万次测试。

2. Massively upgrade contact tracing capacity

大规模提升联系人跟踪能力

The next step in "test, trace, isolate" is "trace" — a shorthand for contact tracing. By tracking and communicating with the contacts of a confirmed COVID-19 case who are themselves at risk for infection, health workers can dramatically slow the chain of transmission.

“测试、跟踪、隔离”的下一步是“跟踪”。通过跟踪并与一个本身就有感染的风险的确诊的COVID-19病例的接触者沟通，卫生工作者可以大大减缓传播链。

3. Create systems to isolate the sick and protect the vulnerable

建立隔离病人和保护弱势群体的制度

Once the contacts of COVID-19 patients are traced, many will need to separate themselves from society for two weeks to be sure they are not infectious.

一旦追踪到COVID-19患者的接触者，许多人将需要与社会隔离两周，以确保他们没有传染性。

Part of a complete strategy for quarantine is that you provide places apart from the home and community where those who've been exposed can — in a comfortable setting — spend the time of their quarantine where they are not going to infect others.

隔离的一个完整策略是，你提供一个远离家庭和社区的地方，让那些被暴露(感染)的人可以在一个舒适的环境中，在他们不会感染其他人的地方度过隔离时间。

4. Build up hospital capacity and the PPE supply chain

建立医院能力和个人防护装备供应链

Hospitals have been scrambling to be able to handle more and more COVID-19 patients, but there's still work to be done to make sure they're ready for possible new waves of infections.

医院一直在努力应对越来越多的COVID-19患者，但仍有工作要做，以确保他们为可能出现的新一波感染做好准备。

"It's a certainty that cases will increase when you relax social distancing," says Dr. Amesh Adalja of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. "It's just: Will it be at a slow enough clip that hospital capacity will not be compromised?"

约翰·霍普金斯健康安全中心的阿梅什·阿达尔贾博士说：“当你放松社交距离时，病例肯定会增多。”只是：速度会不会慢到足以保证医院的能力不受影响?”

Hospitals are still struggling to source many essential supplies to allow them to serve a surge of patients. There's regional variation, but the AEI road map suggests that, on average, hospitals need to double their intensive care unit and ventilator capacity to care for critically ill COVID-19 patients, and that the supply of personal protective equipment should be stable so health care workers can protect themselves from infection.

医院仍在努力寻找许多必需品，以便为激增的病人提供服务。虽然存在区域差异，但AEI路线图显示，平均而言，医院需要将重症监护室和呼吸机容量增加一倍，以照顾COVID-19重症患者，个人防护设备的供应应保持稳定，以便医护人员能够保护自己免受感染。

5. Zero in on effective treatments

专注于有效的治疗

At the moment there's no clear evidence on an effective therapy for COVID-19.

目前还没有明确的证据表明COVID-19的治疗有效。

The Milken Institute is tracking dozens of different clinical trials underway to test treatments. Researchers are testing everything from antibody-based therapies, to antiviral medicines, as well as existing drugs including hydroxychloroquine that could be repurposed to help treat COVID-19.

米尔肯研究所正在跟踪数十个不同的临床试验，以测试治疗方法。研究人员正在测试各种各样的药物，从基于抗体的疗法，到抗病毒药物，以及现有的药物，包括羟基氯喹，这些药物可以用于帮助治疗COVID-19.