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金融英语泛读:中国环保汽车市场蓄势待发

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2022年05月17日

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Jump-starting the Green Car Market中国环保汽车市场蓄势待发

When BYD Auto launches one of China's first mass produced fully electric sedans later this year, it will be trying to conquer the world rather than save it. But such is the explosive growth of China's car market and thirst for petrol that the two goals are likely to become ever more synonymous.

Senior government leaders have initiated a major push for hybrid and electric vehicles in a bid to bypass car makers overseas and avoid an environmental meltdown at home.

The consultancy McKinsey and Company estimates that China's car market will grow tenfold between 2005 and 2030,which will drive up demand for diesel and petrol from 110 million tonnes to 500 million tonnes. That will mean a sharp rise in carbon emissions from a country that has already overtaken the United States as the world's biggest source of greenhouse gases.

Hybrid, electric and fuel-cell vehicles could ease the burden, but they will not solve the problem because at the moment more than 70%of China's electricity is powered by coal, the dirtiest of all fossil fuels. Even if there is a large-scale take-up of the new technologies, which could cut emissions by 19%.McKinsey estimates that the combined emissions from road transport would still increase more than fourfold within the next two decades.

Faced by this nightmare, the Chinese authorities recently announced plans for 50000-yuan rebates for electric and hybrid cars, encouraged city taxi fleets to buy vehicles with the new technology, and prompted state and regional grids to set up charging stations.

BYD is likely to be a major beneficiary. The initials stand for Build Your Dreams, which prompted snickers when the company debuted in US car shows last year, as did the soaring ambitions of the founder Wang Chuanfu, who has stated that BYD will be the biggest carmaker in China by 2015 and the biggest in the world by 2025.

Despite it making a third of the world's mobile phone batteries, until recently few people outside of China had heard of BYD. But the company exploded into the international consciousness late last year by beating Toyota and General Motors to launch the world's first mass-produced plug-in hybrid.

There are also many questions about the environmental benefits of electric cars, given China's reliance on coal. Electric vehicles drive down carbon emissions best if they are charged at night with wind or other forms of renewable energy, but this is not currently possible in the country.

But they do use energy more efficiently than both petrol-and diesel-driven cars, and environmental groups say electric vehicles can at least reduce the huge negative impact from the spread of car culture in China.

“Electric cars would be a big step forward,”said Greenpeace executive director Gerd Leipold on a recent visit to Beijing.“Hybrid cars have a better reputation than their ecological performance merits.”

BYD may lead the pack in China, but the government is encouraging others to move into clean transport manufacturing-an area where it hopes domestic companies can overtake bigger foreign rivals.

At an exhibition of clean energy technology in Beijing in March, the science and technology minister, Wan Gang, said,“The country aimed to come out of the current economic downturn greener and more advanced than it went in. Accompanying every financial crisis is a revolution in technology that serves as an engine for economic development.This time, new energy technology will probably be the new driving force.”

Every few weeks there is fresh news that China is upgrading its transport and energy infrastructure. In March, Chery Auto unveiled a battery electric vehicle-the S18EV—that it says has a range of 150 kilometres on a single charge.Shortly before that, Xinri started building an industrial park capable of producing five million electric scooters and bicycles per year.And Tianjin-Qingyuan has recently announced that it may precede BYD with the autumn release of a fully battery-powered Saibao sedan.

More than a dozen other firms have begun manufacturing electric buses. However, the gusto with which many Chinese people have embraced the idea of clean energy was most evident however in a display of a sanlunche-the boxed three-wheel scooters that are a familiar sight in Beijing's alleyways-fitted with wing-like solar panels.

But, so far, none have gone as far as BYD. Li says it is simply a matter of business.“We are not trying to save the world, we are making money.Our strategy aims to give value to shareholders.If we can help the planet at the same time, all the better.”

当比亚迪汽车公司去年年底成为中国第一批大批量生产全电动轿车的汽车厂家时,它就旨在征服世界而非拯救世界。既能满足中国快速增长的汽车需求又能解决汽油紧缺问题,比亚迪电动汽车的生产对两个问题都给出了答案。

中国政府高层领导力推复合型汽车和电动汽车的生产,以期避开与国外汽车生产商的竞争和避免国内环境的恶化。

据麦肯锡咨询公司估计,在2005年到2030年间,中国汽车市场会增长10倍。市场的增长将导致对柴油和汽油的需求也会从1.1亿吨增长到5亿吨。这意味着二氧化碳的排放量将会急剧增加,而中国现在已经超过美国,成为世界上最大的温室气体排放国。

复合型汽车、电动汽车及燃料电池汽车可以减轻环境负担,但并不能解决问题,因为中国目前有超过70%的电能来自煤,煤在化石燃料中的污染力是最强的。即使大规模推行新技术也只能减少排放量的19%。麦肯锡估计:把来自公路运输工具的排放量算在一起,今后20年内的排放量还是会增加四倍。

面对这样严峻的现实,中国官方日前宣布了这样的计划:购买电动车和复合型电动车将给予五万元的返利,鼓励城市出租车队购买带有新技术的汽车,以及督促国家和地方电网设立充电站。

比亚迪似乎成了这次计划的最大受益者。当比亚迪带着公司名称英文缩写BYD(铸造您的梦想)去年首次亮相美国汽车展时,当公司奠基人王传福野心勃勃地提到比亚迪将会在2015年成为中国最大的汽车生产商,到2025年成为世界最大汽车生产商时,曾引发阵阵窃笑。

尽管全世界三分之一的手机电池都是比亚迪公司生产的,然而在中国以外的地区,知道比亚迪公司的人少之又少。但在去年年底,比亚迪因击败丰田汽车公司和通用汽车公司而率先大规模生产充电式油电混合动力车,在国际上声名鹊起。

鉴于中国对煤的依赖,电动车的环境效益还存在很多问题。如果在晚上通过风力或者其他可再生能源给电动车充电,那么就可最大程度降低二氧化碳的排放量,但是目前在中国这是不可能实现的。

但是电动车比燃烧柴油和汽油的汽车更能有效地使用能源,环保组织声称电动车至少可以减少汽车文化在中国传播的巨大负面影响。

“电动汽车的产生会是一个巨大的飞跃,”绿色和平组织总干事葛德·勒波尔德最近访问北京时说,“复合型汽车的名气比它们对生态环境带来的好处要大。”

比亚迪可能是中国汽车行业的佼佼者,但是政府也在鼓励其他汽车厂商从事清洁交通工具的生产。政府希望在这个领域的国内公司能超越更大的国外竞争对手。

3月,在北京举行的一次清洁能源技术展览会上,科技部部长万钢说:“中国力图以更加环保的姿态和更加先进的技术从目前的经济低迷中走出。每一次经济危机都会伴随着一场技术革命,每一次技术革命又成为经济增长的引擎。这一次,新能源技术将成为新的驱动力。”

每隔几个星期,都有关于中国升级其交通和能源基础设施的最新报道。3月,奇瑞汽车推出了一款电池电动汽车—S18EV。据说这款汽车充电一次即可行驶150公里。很快,新日公司也开始建造一个年生产量可达500万辆电动摩托车和电动自行车的工业园区。天津清源日前也宣布会率先于比亚迪公司在今年秋天推出完全由电池供电的赛豹汽车。

还有十几家其他公司也开始从事电动公共汽车的生产。很多中国人对使用清洁能源理念的支持能从改造后的三轮车上得到最大体现:那些出现在北京胡同里的三轮车已经装上了翅膀般的太阳能电池板。

但是,到目前为止,还没有任何一家公司的发展可以匹敌比亚迪公司。李先生说这一切仅仅是生意上的策略。“我们不是想拯救世界,我们就是想赚钱。我们的战略目标就是给予股东回报。如果我们这样做的同时也为这个地球做出了贡献,一举两得的事情何乐而不为呢。”

实战提升

核心单词

sedan[si'dæn]n.轿车

synonymous[si'nɔniməs]adj.同义的

emission[i'miʃən]n.放射;散发

explode[ik'spləud]v.激增,迅速扩大

precede[pri'si:d]v.先于,优于

财经知识一点通

麦肯锡咨询公司(McKinsey&Company)

是世界级领先的全球管理咨询公司。自1926年成立以来,公司的使命就是帮助领先的企业、机构实现显著、持久的经营业绩改善,打造能够吸引、培育和激励杰出人才的优秀组织机构。

基础设施(infrastructure)

是指为社会生产和居民生活提供公共服务的物质工程设施,它是社会赖以生存发展的一般物质条件。“基础设施”不仅包括公路、铁路、机场、通信、水电煤气等公共设施,即俗称的基础建设,而且包括教育、科技、医疗卫生、体育、文化等社会事业,即“社会性基础设施”。

翻译练习

That will mean a sharp rise in carbon emissions from a country that has already overtaken the United States as the world's biggest source of greenhouse gases.

There are also many questions about the environmental benefits of electric cars, given China's reliance on coal.

If we can help the planet at the same time, all the better.


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