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英语使动词用法是怎样的?英语使动词用法详细分析

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2020年01月12日

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英语使动词用法是怎样的?英语使动词用法详细分析

大家在学习英语的时候,是需要学习很多的语法知识的,比如英语使动词用法就是其中的一种,那么英语使动词用法是怎样的?今天就给大家具体介绍下这个问题以及进行英语使动词用法详细分析。

英语使动词用法

英语使动词用法

一、了解用法基本相同之处,从宏观上认识使动词

1、含义基本相同

大多使役动词均有使、让之意。

2、结构基本相同

使役动词后面均可接宾语和宾语补足语,宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词、不定式、现在分词和过去分词担任。大多数使役动词可用于被动语态。

二、掌握各自具体用法,从微观上熟悉使动词

使役动词在含义和用法上均有不同之处,具体用法如下

(一)have使,让,不用于被动语态

1.have +宾语+done

(1)叫、让、请别人做某事,表动作的执行者不是主语也不是宾语而是别人。

例I'll have my bike repaired this afternoon. 今天下午我要请人修自行车。

(2)遭遇不幸事件

例He had his wallet stolen at the station. 他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。

2.have +宾语+do让……做某事,动作执行者为宾语

例He had her go there. 他让她去那儿。>

3.have +宾语+doing让……做某事,动作执行者为句子宾语,但动词必须为持续性动词,后面常接时间段。

例He had her standing in the rain for two hours. 他让她在雨中站了两个小时。英语使役动词用法

4.have +宾语+adj./adv./prep. 促使某一动作发生

例Please have your money ready. 请准备好钱。

(二)make 使……,有轻微强迫之意

1.make +宾语+do,迫使某人做某事,被动语态为be made to do

例The boy made the girl cry.男孩把女孩惹哭了。

2.make+宾语+adj./adv./prep./n.使……处于某种状态

例His illness made him very weak. 他的病使他很虚弱。

3.make +宾语+doing使……处于某种状态,并强调动作的主动性

例The story made him feeling sad.这个故事使他很难受。

4.make +宾语+done使处于某种状态,并强调动作的被动性

例Please speak louder to make yourself heard. 请讲大声一点以便让别人听到你。

(三)leave让,使,带走 既可用于主动语态也可用于被动语态

1.leave +宾语+to do sth.让某人做某事,强调未来动作

例Leave him to do it himself. 让他自个儿去做这件事吧。

2.leave +宾语+doing让某人做某事,强调当时正在发生的动作

例What he said left me thinking deeply.他的话使我陷入了沉思。

3.leave +宾语+done 使……处于某种被动状态,强调动作的被动性

例We can't leave such an important matter unfinished. 我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。

4.leave+ 宾语+adj./adv./prep.使……处于某一特定状态

例Who left the door open? 谁让门开着?

(四)get使,让

1.get +宾语+to do 让……做某事,强调未来性动作

例He got his brother to help him. 他让他的兄弟帮助他。

2.get +宾语+done让……被做,强调被动性动作

例He got the car started. 他发动了小汽车。

3.get +宾语+doing 让……做某事,强调正在进行的动作

例She got her bike running very fast. 她把自行车骑得飞快。

4.get+宾语+adj./adv./prep.使……发生

例Please get your tickets ready. 请准备好票。

(五)keep使,让,保持

1.keep +宾语+doing 使某人处于做某事的状态中,强调动作延续一段时间

例I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. 对不起,让您久等了。

2.keep +宾语+adj./adv./prep. 使……处于特定状态

例Please keep the classroom clean. 请保持教室干净。

3.keep +宾语+done使……处于被动状态

例I can't keep my eyes shut to all this. 对于这一切我不能熟视无睹。

(六)let使,让

1.let +宾语+do,让……做,被动语态为be let (to) do

例Let's go there, shall we? 让我们去那里,好吗?

2.let+宾语+adv./prep. 让……,多表示方向

例He let the dog out of the room. 他把狗放出了房间。

(七)drive驱动,逼迫,迫使

1.drive +宾语+to do驱动……做,被动语态为be driven to do

例 He drove her to admit it.

(八) force 强迫,迫使

1.force +宾语+to do,迫使某人做某事,被动语态为be forced to do

例He forced her to go home. 他强迫她回家。

2.force +宾语+prep./adv. 迫使……朝向某一方向

例 They forced the enemy's plane down. 他们迫使敌人的飞机降落。

初中英语使动词用法全汇总,必须掌握!

一使役动词have, let, make

1. have的用法

1)have +宾语+do(省略to的不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。

The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.

这位富有的女士让这位歌手和她的仆人一起吃饭。

I will have him come and help you.

我会让他来帮助你的。

2)have+宾语+现在分词:表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系。

The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.

这两个骗子让灯整晚亮着。

He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.

昨天他让我们一直等了他三个小时。

I have them all talking to each other in English.

我鼓励他们用英语交谈。

3)have +宾语+过去分词:表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系,还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事。

Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.

汤姆修了他的电视机。(别人修的)

Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.

昨天汤姆使他的钱包被偷了。(别人偷的)

4)have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补

Please have your tickets ready.

请准备好你的票。

The Emperor had nothing on.

这位皇帝什么都没在做。

I am sure I’ll have him in the argument.

2. let的用法

1)let +宾语+do(省to不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。

Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.

让他们自己待在教室里做练习吧。

Let AB be equal to CD.

假设AB等于CD.

2)let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补

Let me in and let them out.

让我进来,让他们出去。

Who let you into the building?

谁让你进到大楼里来的?

3. make的用法

1)make +宾语+do(省to不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。此结构常用被动结构。

The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.

老师让这个调皮的男孩在那里站了一个小时。

The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.

这个调皮的男孩被让在那站了一个小时。

2)make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词。

He raised his voice to make himself heard.

他提高嗓音让自己被听到。

They will make an important plan known to the public soon.

他们不久就会让公众知道这个计划。

3)make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句。

The news made her happy.

这个消息使她快乐。

He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.

他明确表明他反对这个建议。

二使役意义状态动词

get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc.常用于复合结构中

1. get:使成为/变得某种状态或结果。

I can’t get the old radio to work.

我无法让那旧收音机工作起来。(接带to不定式作宾补)

Can you really get that old car going again?

你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?

The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.

那农民在雨季前完成了种植。

He got his wrist broken.

他折断了手腕。(主语发生了不幸的事)

She soon got the children ready for school.

她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备。

2. leave:使保持/处于某种状态

Leave your hat and coat in the hall.

把帽子和外套放在大厅里。

Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?

你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?

Always leave things where you can find them again.

总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方。

Who left that window open?

谁让窗户开着?

Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.

别让他在外面雨中等待。

Leave somebody / something alone.

不要干涉某人或某事。

3. set:使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系

set somebody at his ease 使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松

set something in order 使某物井然有序

set somebody free / at liberty 使某人获得自由,释放(犯人等)

It’s time we set the machine going. 是我们发动机器的时候了。

The news set me thinking. 这消息使我陷入了沉思。

He set the farm laborer to chop wood. 他让农场工人去砍伐木材。

I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May. 我决心于五月底前完成那工作。

set a thief to catch a thief. 以毒攻毒;令贼捉贼

4. send:使某人或某物急剧地移动

The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground. 地震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上。

Mind how you go----you nearly sent me flying. 小心点,你差点将我撞飞了.

Send that fellow about his business / packing. 叫那家伙滚蛋.

The good harvest sent the prices down. 丰收使物价下跌.

5. drive:使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事

Failure drove him to despair / desperation. 失败使他绝望。

You’ll drive me mad / to my wits’end. 你会把我气疯的。/ 你会使我穷尽应付的。

Hunger drove him to steal. = He was driven by hunger to steal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃。

6. keep:使某人或某物保持某种状态

You should keep the children quiet. 你要使孩子们静下来。

The cold weather kept us indoors. 寒冷的天气使我们待在家里。

If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里。

Will they keep me in prison / custody. 他们会监禁/拘留我吗?

I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting. 很报歉让你久等了。

The doctors managed to keep me going. 医生们设法让我活下去。

英语使动词用法

关于英语使动词用法详细分析

使役动词在英语语法中是属于一个比较难的知识点,但如果你能够在英语写作中用上它的话,会让你的作文增分不少,今天就让我们来好好学习一下吧。

使役意义状态动词get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc.常用于复合结构中)

1. get:使成为/变得某种状态或结果。   I can’t get the old radio to work.   我无法让那旧收音机工作起来。(接带to不定式作宾补)   Can you really get that old car going again?   你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?   The farmer got his planting done before the rain came.   那农民在雨季前完成了种植。   He got his wrist broken.   他折断了手腕。(主语发生了不幸的事)   She soon got the children ready for school.   她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备。

2. leave:使保持/处于某种状态   Leave your hat and coat in the hall.   把帽子和外套放在大厅里。   Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?   你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?   Always leave things where you can find them again.   总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方。   Who left that window open?   谁让窗户开着?   Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.   别让他在外面雨中等待。   Leave somebody / something alone.   不要干涉某人或某事。

3. set:使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系   set somebody at his ease 使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松   set something in order 使某物井然有序   set somebody free / at liberty 使某人获得自由,释放(犯人等)   It’s time we set the machine going. 是我们发动机器的时候了。   The news set me thinking. 这消息使我陷入了沉思。   He set the farm laborer to chop wood. 他让农场工人去砍伐木材。   I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May. 我决心于五月底前完成膜作。   set a thief to catch a thief. 以毒攻毒;令贼捉贼

4. send:使某人或某物急剧地移动   The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground.   地震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上。   Mind how you go----you nearly sent me flying. 小心点,你差点将我撞飞了.   Send that fellow about his business / packing. 叫那家伙滚蛋.   The good harvest sent the prices down. 丰收使物价下跌.

5. drive:使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事   Failure drove him to despair / desperation. 失败使他绝望。   You’ll drive me mad / to my wits’end. 你会把我气疯的。/ 你会使我穷尽应付的。   Hunger drove him to steal. = He was driven by hunger to steal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃。

6. keep:使某人或某物保持某种状态   You should keep the children quiet. 你要使孩子们静下来。   The cold weather kept us indoors. 寒冷的天气使我们待在家里。   If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets. 如果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里。   Will they keep me in prison / custody. 他们会监禁/拘留我吗?   I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting. 很报歉让你久等了。   The doctors managed to keep me going. 医生们设法让我活下去。

使役意义动态动词

1. cause 致使,导致(能接直接宾语,双宾语,复合宾语)   What caused his death? 什么导致了他的死亡?   This has caused us much anxiety. 这给我们带来了极大的忧虑。   What caused the plants to die.(=what made them die.)什么使得这些植物枯死。   He caused the prisoner to be put to death. (=he had them put to death.)他使得这些犯人被处死。

2. force 迫使,强迫 (宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等)   force one’s way through a crowd 从人群中挤出一条路来.   force a way in / out / through 冲入/出/过   force an entry into a building 强行进入一建筑   force the war upon him 强迫某人作战   force someone into doing something 强迫某人做某事   force sb./ oneself to work hard 迫使某人/自己努力工作

“半使役动词”amaze, astonish等

1. 常见的半使役动词   amaze(使某人感到惊呀), astonish(使某人感到惊奇),   bore(使某人感到厌倦), complicate(使某人感到复杂),   confuse(使某人感到迷惑), disappoint (使某人感到失望),   delight(使某人感到高兴), discourage(使某人感到气馁),   distinguish(使某人感到显著), excite (使某人感到兴奋),   encourage(使某人感到鼓舞), exhaust (使某人感到疲倦),   frighten(使某人感到恐惧), interest (使某人感到有趣),   inspire(使某人感到刺激), move(使某人感到激动),   please(使某人感到高兴), puzzle(使某人感到不解),   satisfy(使某人感到满意), surprise(使某人感到惊异),   shock(使某人感到震惊), strike (使某人感到震动),   tire(使某人感到疲惫), upset (使某人感到迷惑不解),等等。

2. 半使役动词的主动式用法:something + vt. + somebody   The exam result satisfied his parents.   考试结果令他的父母很满意。   The boy’s behavior upset everybody around.   这个男孩的行为使周围的每个人都很沮丧。

3. 半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成。   如:interest----interesting, interested;   astonish----astonishing, astonished;   please----pleasing, pleased, pleasant;   satisfy----satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory.

4. 半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律,一般而言,作定语时,v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动、表情等;作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing分词形容词指事,v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法,而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词,如:   The film we saw last night was very interesting.   我们昨天晚上看的电影非常有趣。   We were all interested in the film.   我们都对这部电影感兴趣。   The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened.   令人恐惧的飓风使这个女孩感到害怕。   The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students.   这位老师对他学生们的回答感到满意。

通过以上的内容,大家已经了解了英语使动词用法了,这样在应用的时候,就变得比较容易了,对于英语语法方面的知识,是需要及时的巩固的。


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