“全球化之父”彼得•萨瑟兰去世

Peter Sutherland, a globetrotting Irishman who pulled off one of the biggest multilateral trade agreements, wielding an auctioneer’s gavel to secure the “Uruguay Round” in 1994, has died. He was 71.

曾奔走于全球各地的爱尔兰人彼得•萨瑟兰(Peter Sutherland，文首图右)去世了，享年71岁。他曾促成世界最大的多边贸易协定之一，在1994年一锤定音，搞定了“乌拉圭回合”(Uruguay Round)。

In his role as head of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Gatt), Sutherland persuaded 123 countries to agree new rules on agriculture and textiles, as well as services, intellectual property and a mechanism for resolving trade disputes. Mickey Kantor, then-US trade representative, dubbed the Irishman the father of globalisation long before the term acquired its current negative connotation.

在萨瑟兰领导“关税与贸易总协定”(GATT)理事会期间，他说服123个国家就农业、纺织业、劳务、知识产权等方面的新规以及贸易争端解决机制达成了一致。当年美国贸易代表米基•坎特(Mickey Kantor)曾将萨瑟兰誉为“全球化之父”，那时“全球化”这个词还没有染上今天的负面色彩。

Sutherland’s family said in a statement that he died in hospital in Dublin on Sunday. He had been ill for some time. Leo Varadkar, Ireland’s prime minister, paid tribute to Sutherland, saying he was “a statesman in every sense of the word; an Irishman, a committed European and a proud internationalist.” “Throughout his life, he was a champion for individual and economic freedoms,” Mr Varadkar said.

萨瑟兰之前已经病了一段时间。萨瑟兰的家人在声明中表示，他于周日在都柏林的一家医院辞世。爱尔兰总理利奥•瓦拉德卡(Leo Varadkar)为萨瑟兰致悼词时说，萨瑟兰是“一位不折不扣的政治家;他是一名爱尔兰人，是欧洲坚定的一份子，是一位自豪的国际主义者”。瓦拉德卡说：“他毕生都在捍卫个人自由与经济自由。”

A former Irish attorney-general and Ireland’s commissioner in Brussels, Sutherland stepped down in 1995 as head of the World Trade Organization, the successor to Gatt, and used his contacts to launch a second career in business.

萨瑟兰曾任爱尔兰总检察长、爱尔兰驻布鲁塞尔代表。他在1995年卸任由关贸总协定发展而来的世界贸易组织(WTO)的总干事一职，并利用自己的人脉在商界展开了自己职业生涯的第二春。

He chaired BP, the UK’s largest company, from 1997 to 2009 and headed Goldman Sachs International, the London-based global arm of the US investment bank, from 1995 to 2015. Sutherland professed to know little about business but saw his role more as a high level diplomatic fixer, using his knowledge of statecraft to help companies win deals and stay out of trouble.

他从1997年到2009年担任英国最大公司BP的董事长，从1995年到2015年领导美国投行高盛(Goldman Sachs)位于伦敦的国际业务高盛国际集团(Goldman Sachs International)。萨瑟兰自称不太懂生意之道，更多是担当高层次的外交斡旋者，运用自己的政治才智帮助企业赢得交易、避免卷入到麻烦之中。