中国放松外资汽车建厂限制，向美释放和解信号

SHANGHAI — China offered a potential trade peace offering to the Trump administration on Tuesday, saying it would allow electric car companies to set up shop there this year without a local joint venture partner, and that it would set a timetable for the rest of the auto industry to build or run their own Chinese factories in the coming years.

上海——中国向特朗普政府提供了一个表示贸易和解的潜在礼物。周二，中国表示今年将允许电动汽车公司在国内建厂，而无需有当地合资伙伴，并将在未来几年内，逐渐过渡到允许其他汽车行业独资建设或运行自己在中国的工厂。

The move, announced on Tuesday by China’s top economic planning agency, follows through on a long-promised effort by Beijing to further open its markets to foreign companies. It could be seen as a potential opening toward smoothing relations with the Trump administration, which has threatened to levy tariffs on $150 billion in Chinese-made goods.

周二由中国最高经济规划机构宣布的这一举措，是北京承诺要进一步向外国企业开放中国市场的后续行动。这或将被视为与特朗普政府缓和关系的一个潜在开端。特朗普政府已威胁要对总价值达1500亿美元的中国制造商品加征关税。

In particular, American trade officials have accused China of forcing electric carmakers to share their technology with Chinese partners as a way to help Beijing foster a local, globally competitive industry.

具体来说，美国贸易官员曾指责中国强迫电动汽车制造商与中方合作伙伴分享技术，以帮助北京扶植出一个具有全球竞争力的本土行业。

The overture came with a warning. As expected, China also took steps on Tuesday to impose duties on American imports of sorghum, in a move that could potentially hurt farmers in states where Mr. Trump enjoys political support. China has threated to retaliate against Mr. Trump’s tariffs dollar for dollar.

中国的示好也伴随着警告。正如所料，中国周二还宣布将对美国进口高粱征收关税的措施，此举可能会在特朗普享受政治支持的各州对农民造成潜在伤害。中国已威胁称，要对特朗普加征关税的做法进行美元上对等的报复。

It isn’t clear how much the auto industry as a whole would immediately benefit from the measures announced on Tuesday. China has long required foreign auto companies to find local partners and build cars under 50-50 joint ventures. While the industry has long complained about the practice, many have learned to profit from it.

目前还不清楚汽车行业从整体上讲将如何从周二宣布的措施中马上获益。长期以来，中国一直要求外国车企在中国制造汽车时需有当地合作伙伴，双方需成立股份平分的合资企业。尽管汽车行业长期以来一直抱怨这种做法，但许多厂家已经学会了从中获利。

The immediate big winner from the decision would be Tesla, which has already negotiated for a site in the Shanghai area to build cars but has been reluctant to accept a joint venture partner. Going into the Chinese market alone would mean that Tesla could keep better control of its technology and retain all the profits.

新宣布的最大直接赢家将是特斯拉(Tesla)。该公司已为在上海地区制造汽车的选址事宜进行谈判，但一直不愿接受合资伙伴。独资进入中国市场将意味着特斯拉能更好地掌控自己的技术，并保留所有利润。

Still, that means Tesla would have to foot the entire investment cost as well, instead of sharing it with a local partner. Other automakers have learned to work with their Chinese partners to smooth over potential political and labor issues and invest in new facilities together.

不过，这也意味着特斯拉将不得不承担全部的投资成本，而不是与当地合作伙伴分摊。其他汽车制造商已学会与中国合资伙伴合作，以解决潜在的政治和劳工问题，并共同投资新厂房的建设。

“They don’t need to negotiate with any party, but the bad news is they have to invest 100 percent of their own money,” said Yale Zhang, the managing director of Automotive Foresight, a Shanghai consulting firm, referring to Tesla.

“他们不需要与任何一方谈判，但不利的是他们必须独自投入100%的资金，”上海咨询公司汽车前瞻(Automotive Foresight)董事总经理张豫(Yale Zhang)说，他指的是特斯拉。

In coming years, the rule requiring a Chinese partner will be lifted for the rest of the auto industry, according to the planning agency, the National Development and Reform Commission. It said in a statement that it would end the rule this year for the production of new energy cars in China, in 2020 for the production of trucks and other commercial vehicles and in 2022 for all cars made in China.

根据国家发展改革委员会发布的信息，中国将在未来几年里分类型取消对外资汽车企业的限制。发改委在一份声明中表示，将在今年取消对新能源汽车的外资股比限制，2020年取消对卡车和其他商用车的外资股比限制，2022年取消对所有在中国制造的乘用车的外资股比限制。

The sorghum duties are part of an anti-dumping case that had first been disclosed two months ago as tensions rose with the Trump administration over American plans for tariffs on imported steel and other goods. China imported $957 million worth of American sorghum last year, using it for livestock feed and for making a popular liquor, baijiu.

对高粱征收关税是一个反倾销案的一部分，该案是两个月前首次披露的，当时，由于特朗普政府宣布美国将对进口钢铁和其他商品征收关税，中美之间的紧张关系升级。去年，中国进口了价值9.57亿美元的美国高粱，用于饲养牲畜以及酿造一种流行的烈酒——白酒。