为什么“冰火山”会在密歇根湖喷发

为什么“冰火山”会在密歇根湖喷发

A cold snap in the Great Lakes region has spurred the formation of “ice volcanoes” across the lake: conical structures of snow and ice on the lake’s surface that expel water, à la lava from a volcano.

五大湖地区的寒流促使湖上形成了“冰火山”:湖面上的雪和冰形成的圆锥形结构，像火山喷出的熔岩一样排出水。

The National Weather Service’s Twitter account for the Grand Rapids region shared an image of the unusual phenomenon over the weekend.

上周末，美国国家气象局(National Weather Service)的大急流城(Grand Rapids)地区推特(Twitter)账户分享了这一罕见现象的图片。

The caption read, “It was a great day to visit the beach and watch the waves interact with the ice. Here’s a couple ‘ice volcanoes’ erupting at Oval Beach on Sunday, February 16, 2020.”

图片解释道:“这是参观海滩、观看海浪与冰面互动的美好一天。2020年2月16日，周日，在椭圆海滩上，一对‘冰火山’正在喷发。”

Meteorologist Tom Niziol, formerly of the Weather Channel and NWS and now a writer for the Category 6 blog on WeatherUnderground.com, calls these “some of the best photos of ice volcanoes” he’s ever seen. On Facebook, he explained the physics behind the bizarre sighting.

气象学家Tom Niziol，以前是气象频道和国家气象局的工作人员，现在是WeatherUnderground.com网站上第6类博客的作者，他称这些是他所见过的“冰火山的最佳照片”。在Facebook上，他解释了这一奇怪现象背后的物理学原理。

“They form as water is pushed under the ice sheet and as the pressure builds up the water shoots out through holes in the ice. If its very cold, then that spray freezes up eventually building a cone like the ones we see here,” Niziol wrote.

“它们的形成是由于水被推到冰原下，随着压力的增加，水从冰洞中喷出。如果天气很冷，这些水雾就会结冰，最终形成一个圆锥形，就像我们在这里看到的一样。”Niziol写道。

He also warned lake-goers that these hills were not made for climbing.

他还提醒湖上的游客，这些山可不是用来攀登的。

The Greak Lakes are known for cold weather curiosities. On other occasions, these prehistoric glacial lakes may freeze over then shatter to create a blanket of ice shards across the body of water, or transform lakefront homes into giant igloos as a result of frozen water spray. Sometimes, the ambient temperature drops so quickly that the warmer water on the surface begins to vaporize instantly, which makes the lake appear to be boiling.

格里亚克湖以寒冷的天气而闻名。在其他情况下，这些史前冰川湖可能会冻结，然后碎裂，在水体上形成一层冰碎片，或者由于冰冻的水喷溅而把湖边的房屋变成巨大的冰屋。有时，环境温度下降得如此之快，以至于湖面上较温暖的水开始立即蒸发，这使得湖水看起来像是在沸腾。