2020年诺贝尔经济学奖颁给两位美国人

2020年诺贝尔经济学奖颁给两位美国人

The Nobel Prize gold medal during manufacture at the Swedish Mint. Each laureate receives the medal, which has the likeness of Alfred Nobel on its face.

诺贝尔奖金奖在瑞典造币厂制造。每位获奖者都将获得一枚刻有阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔头像的奖牌。

Auctions are at the heart of this year's Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The winners — Stanford University professors Paul Milgrom and Robert Wilson — were recognized "for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats."

拍卖是今年诺贝尔经济科学纪念奖的核心。获奖者是斯坦福大学教授保罗·米尔格罗姆和罗伯特·威尔逊，获奖原因是“对拍卖理论的改进和对拍卖新形式的发明”。

They designed the auction the FCC used to sell radio spectrum to wireless telephone companies, raising more than $120 billion for something the government used to give away for free.

他们设计了FCC(美国联邦通信委员会)用来向无线电话公司出售无线电频谱的拍卖会，筹集了1200多亿美元用于政府免费赠送的东西。

"Auctions are everywhere and affect our everyday lives," the prize committee said in a statement. Milgrom and Wilson's work "benefit[s] sellers, buyers and taxpayers around the world."

评奖委员会在一份声明中说:“拍卖无处不在，影响着我们的日常生活。”米尔格罗姆和威尔逊的研究成果“造福了全世界的卖方、买方和纳税人。”

Many of the questions in auction theory revolve around information. Do bidders know what competitors are bidding? Do they all put the same value on the item being auctioned?

拍卖理论中的许多问题都是围绕信息展开的。投标人知道竞争对手在投标什么吗?他们对被拍卖物品的估价是一样的吗?

The committee recognized Milgrom and Wilson not only for their basic research into the behavior of auction participants, but for their application of those findings to design better auctions.

委员会表彰了米尔格罗姆和威尔逊，不仅因为他们对拍卖参与者行为的基础研究，还因为他们将这些发现应用于设计更好的拍卖。

Auctions are now used to price all kinds of things including Internet ads, fishing permits and carbon pollution credits.

拍卖现在被用来给各种东西定价，包括网络广告、捕鱼许可证和碳污染信用额度。

Despite his groundbreaking work, Wilson acknowledged he's generally not much of an auction buyer.

尽管他有开创性的工作，威尔逊承认他通常不是一个拍卖买家。

"My wife points out to me that we bought ski boots on eBay," Wilson told reporters after being awakened for a news conference at 3 a.m. California time. "I guess that was an auction."

“我妻子告诉我，我们在eBay上买了滑雪靴，”威尔逊在加州时间凌晨3点被叫醒参加新闻发布会后告诉记者“我想那是一场拍卖。”

The Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, Sweden's central bank, to mark its 300th anniversary. It was first awarded in 1969, joining the five original prizes established by Alfred Nobel in his 1895 will.

经济科学奖于1968年由瑞典央行Sveriges Riksbank设立，以纪念成立300周年。该奖项于1969年首次颁发，与阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔在1895年的遗嘱中设立的5个最初奖项一起颁发。

Like the winners in physics and chemistry, the laureates in economic sciences are selected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. The prize brings with it a gold medal and a cash award, which this year is 10 million Swedish krona ($1.12 million) and will be shared by Wilson and Milgrom.

与物理和化学领域的获奖者一样，经济科学领域的获奖者也是由位于斯德哥尔摩的瑞典皇家科学院选出的。该奖项还包括一枚金牌和一份现金，今年的奖金为1,000万瑞典克朗(112万美元)，奖金将由威尔逊和米尔格罗姆拥有。