英语六级考试——写作真题选析之谚语警句型

三、谚语警句型

(一)题型描述

　　 顾名思义,谚语警句型写作就是给出谚语或警句作题目,要求考生就其写出一篇作文。这种题型在六级考试的历史上出现过四次,即2013年6月、2012年12月、2011年12月和1997年1月的真题。这种类型作为近年来的常考类型,自然为大家所关注,但并不可怕,写起来同样有规律可循,下面以真题为例说明该题型的构思和写作方法。

(二)真题示例

　　 2011年12月真题

　　 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous remark,“Give me six hours to chop down a tree,and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

(三)整体构思

　　 本题的出题形式在六级写作历史上有划时代的意义:就是从这道题开始,六级写作不再给出具体提纲(当然,不排除以后出现传统提纲作文的可能)。但是,如前文所述,不给提纲的作文也完全可以按照同类作文往年真题给出的提纲提示去写。比如1997年1月的真题:

　　 1997年1月真题

　　 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Haste Makes Waste.You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below.

　　 1.为什么“欲速则不达”?

　　 2.举例说明。

(四)分段写作

　　 下面分别讲解每一段的写作。

　　 第一段

　　 第一段要解释这一谚语的含义。其实用一句话解释不难,从字面上解释一下即可。不过,既然要写成一段,那就应该再扩展一下。其实,在这里可以从正面和反面各思考一下:为什么要“spend the first four sharpening the axe”?不这样做会有什么不好的结果?这样可说的话就多了。

　　 第二段

　　 其实第二段举例还是比较容易的。首先,如果能够想到一些有名的历史事例,写出来是比较有说服力的。但表述这样一些历史事例对一部分同学来说可能有难度,那么可以想象一下现实生活中的例子或者个人经历,这是比较容易的。其实,如果这些例证都不好表述,可以以英语学习为例,因为学生的任务就是学习。而且这篇文章里面要提到的很多内容都可以用于别的作文,考生可以把这些例子总结起来。

　　 第三段

　　 如上所述,第三段要“总结发挥”,即强调一下该谚语的重要性,说明我们在学习、工作、生活等方面都要注意,并且可以提出一些具体的建议。在文章最后还可以以一个有类似含义的英文谚语来结束写作。

(五)高分模板

　　 其实,通过这篇文章的写作,可以总结出整个“谚语警句型”作文的模板,即下文中画线的部分:

　　 The Way to Success

　　 A famous remark by Abraham Lincoln goes that “Give me six hours to chop down a tree,and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.” Obviously,by so saying,the late American President means that laying a solid foundation is of vital importance in achieving success.In other words,one should keep his or her eyes on the process or the preparation work of a task rather than haste to the end,which more often than not,results in a waste of time.

　　 This saying is truly inspiring and instructive,especially when it comes to our daily life and work.Take English study as an example.There are numerous failures in College English Test Band 4 or Band 6.Most of them lack a sound grasp of basic grammar and vocabulary,rushing to take model tests,only to erode their confidence or waste their time.Others,on the contrary,do a careful and painstaking job with the study of their text books,reviewing grammatical rules and vocabulary even learnt in middle school.Though seemingly they are slow in their preparation for the exam,they are usually the final winners.

　　 People tend to be impatient or too thirsty for easy success in modern society.Actually,whenever we are in haste,we should let Lincoln's words ring by our ear and remember:No pains,no gains,and haste makes waste.

　　 译文

　　 成功之路

　　 林肯的一句名言说“给我六个小时砍倒一棵树,我会花前四个小时磨斧子”。很明显,这位美国已故总统这么说的意思是,打下的坚实基础在取得成功的过程中是至关重要的。换句话说,我们应该着眼于一项任务的过程或准备工作,而不是急于求成,因为那样往往会造成时间的浪费。

　　 这句话的确是有启发意义和教育意义的,尤其当谈到我们的日常生活和工作的时候。以英语学习为例。有很多人四六级考试没有通过。他们大部分人没有很好地掌握基础语法和词汇,就急急忙忙地去做模考题,结果却使自信受损,或者浪费了时间。相反,另一些人认真、刻苦地学习教材,甚至复习中学学过的语法规则和词汇。尽管他们备考的速度似乎很慢,但他们却通常是最后的胜利者。

　　 在现代社会,人们往往缺乏耐心,急于求成。事实上,不管什么时候,如果我们着急,我们都应该让林肯的话在我们耳边响起,记住:不劳无获;欲速则不达。

(六)学以致用

　　 该文中画线的部分也可以用到同类文章的写作当中,如下面的作文:

　　 2012年12月真题

　　 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Maintaining Trust by commenting on the saying,“It takes years to build trust,and a few seconds to destroy it.” You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

　　 这道题可以按照“解决问题型”思路写作,但也可以用“名言警句型”的思路。

　　 范文

　　 On Maintaining Trust

　　 A famous saying goes “It takes years to build trust,and a few seconds to destroy it.” Obviously,it means that prudence is of vital importance in maintaining trust.In other words,one should mind his behavior rather than act willfully or cheat others,which more often than not,results in the ruin of the hard?gained good reputation.

　　 This saying is truly inspiring and instructive,especially when it comes to our daily life and work.Take what happened to KFC recently as an example.As one of the most famous fast?food enterprises in the world,it is being doubted in China because of its problematic chicken.Indeed,the company has been endeavoring very vigorously in the past years to erect a positive image in this country:calling for donations to the underprivileged groups,sponsoring sports events and the like.However,the entire mansion of its reputation collapsed in seconds after the news spread wildly online that its raw materials are doubtable in quality.

　　 People tend to be tempted by fame,fortune or lust in modern society more than in the past,thus making mistakes and even committing crimes.Actually,whenever we are in the face of such temptation,we should let the famous saying ring by our ear and remember:Rome was not built in a day,but it can be destroyed overnight.

　　 译文

　　 论维护信任

　　 有一句名言说“建立信任需要几年,毁掉信任却只需要几秒”。很明显,这句话的意思是,谨慎对于维持信任来说是至关重要的。换句话说,应该谨言慎行,而不是轻举妄动或欺骗他人,因为那样往往会使辛辛苦苦积攒起来的良好声誉毁于一旦。

　　 这句话的确是有启发意义和教育意义的,尤其当谈到我们的日常生活和工作的时候。以肯德基最近发生的事情为例。作为全球最有名的快餐企业之一,它在中国却因为问题鸡肉而遭到质疑。事实上,该公司在过去几年中一直积极努力地在我国树立正面形象:呼吁为贫困群体捐款、赞助体育赛事等等。然而,当关于其原材料质量可疑的信息在网上疯传之后,其声誉大厦顷刻倒塌。

　　 在现代社会,人们往往比以前更容易受到名、利、色的诱惑,因而犯错甚至犯罪。事实上,不管什么时候,如果我们面临诱惑,我们都应该让这句名言在我们耳边响起,记住:罗马不是一天建成的,但可以毁于一旦。

(七)模板变脸

　　 其实,好的写法绝不止一种,我们也可以总结出“谚语警句型”作文的其他模板,如下面文章中画线的部分:

　　 The Way to Success

　　 An age?old proverb says that “Give me six hours to chop down a tree,and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe,” by which is meant that laying a solid foundation is crucial in achieving success.To put it in another way,one should keep his or her eyes on the process or the preparation work of a task rather than haste to the end,which more often than not,leads to a waste of time.

　　 Actually,history abounds with examples to prove the truth of this saying.Taking a look around,we can also find examples too many to enumerate.Here I can think of no better illustration of the proverb than English study.There are numerous failures in College English Test Band 4 or Band 6.Most of them lack asound grasp of basic grammar and vocabulary,rushing to take model tests,only to erode their confidence or waste their time.Others,by contrast,do a careful and painstaking job with the study of their text books,reviewing grammatical rules and vocabulary even learnt in middle school.Though seemingly they are slow in their preparation for the exam,they are usually the final winners.

　　 Bringing what has been discussed into a conclusion,we may say that laying a solid foundation is vital if we want to make achievements in our studies or work,or indeed in any other aspect of our lives.So,one should not be too hasty or impatient.Instead,he should accomplish a task step by step.In a word,we should truly understand the profound meaning of the proverb and take the right actions in our life in the future.

　　 译文

　　 成功之路

　　 一句由来已久的名言说“给我六个小时砍倒一棵树,我会花前四个小时磨斧子”,意思是,打下坚实基础在取得成功的过程中是很关键的。换句话说,我们应该着眼于一项任务的过程或准备工作,而不是急于求成,因为那样往往会造成时间的浪费。

　　 事实上,历史上存在着大量的例子来证明这句话的道理。即使我们看看周围也能发现例子不胜枚举。在这里,我想不到比英语学习更好的例子了。有很多人四六级考试没有通过。他们大部分人没有很好地掌握基础语法和词汇,就急急忙忙地去做模考题,结果却使自信受损,或者浪费了时间。相反,另一些人认真、刻苦地学习教材,甚至复习中学学过的语法规则和词汇。尽管他们备考的速度似乎很慢,但他们却通常是最后的胜利者。

　　 综上所述,我们可以说,如果我们想在学习、工作乃至生活中的任何其他方面取得成就,打下坚实的基础都是很重要的。所以,我们不应该过于着急,缺乏耐心。相反,我们应该一步一步地完成任务。简而言之,我们应该真正理解这一谚语的深刻含义,并在未来生活中采取正确的行动。

(八)变脸应用

　　 2013年6月真题1

　　 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark “Good habits result from resisting temptation”.You may cite some examples to support you view.You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

　　 范文

　　 An age?old proverb says that “Good habits result from resisting temptation,” by which is meant that a strong will is essential in fostering good habits,or that we should resist temptation in developing good habits.

　　 Actually,history abounds with examples to prove the truth of this saying.Taking a look around,we can also find examples too many to enumerate.Here I can think of no better illustration of the proverb than the experience of my own.Like many others,I was not very good at English,especially in terms of listening and speaking.Half a year ago,after failing in the CET?6,I decided to get up at five every morning to practice my listening.However,in the first few weeks,I found it too hard to get off my warm bed while others were sleeping sound.Yet I managed to resist the temptation and found my English indeed better than before.

　　 Bringing what has been discussed into a conclusion,we may say that good habits are really developed during the process of resisting temptation.So,one should not give up just because of the difficulties at the beginning.Instead,he should persevere unremittingly with a belief in the rewards of the habits.In a word,we should truly understand the profound meaning of the proverb and take the right actions in our life and study in the future.

　　 译文

　　 一句由来已久的谚语说“良好的习惯源自抵制诱惑”,意思是,坚强的意志对于养成好的习惯来说是很重要的。换句话说,我们应该在培养好习惯的过程中抵制诱惑。

　　 事实上,历史上存在着大量的例子来证明这句话的道理。即使我们看看周围也能发现这样的例子不胜枚举。在这里,我想不到比我自己的经历更好的例子了。同其他很多人一样,我以前英语并不好,尤其是听力和口语。半年前,在六级考试失败之后,我决定每天早上五点起床练听力。 然而,在开始的几周,我觉得在别人熟睡的时候爬出温暖的被窝简直太难了。然而,我设法抵制住了诱惑,后来我发现自己的英语比以前好多了。

　　 综上所述,我们可以说,好的习惯确实是在抵制诱惑的过程中养成的。所以,我们不应该因为开始时的困难而放弃。相反,应该坚持下去,相信好习惯带来的回报。简而言之,我们应该真正理解这一谚语的深刻含义,在未来的生活中采取正确的行动。