强调结构长难句分类解析

强调结构长难句分类解析

1. Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.

【翻译演练】 　_________________________

【参考译文】 　人类长期受制于洪水和干旱，或许正是这种痛苦才使得制服水患的想法如此令人兴奋。

【结构分析】 　Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering (at the mercy of flood and drought) that makes the idea (of forcing the waters to do our bidding) so fascinating.此句的主干结构是It is humankind's long suffering...that makes the idea...so fascinating；被强调的成分是句子的主语humankind's long suffering，谓语动词是makes，宾语是the idea，so fascinating是宾语补足语；括号中的表达是各自前面名词的后置定语。

【词汇精记】 　humankind 人类；suffering 痛苦；at the mercy of 在……的怜悯下，受……的摆布；flood 洪水；drought 干旱；bidding 命令；force sb. to do our bidding （命令）强迫某人服从命令；fascinating 令人着迷的。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demands of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

【翻译演练】 　___________________________

【参考译文】 　在美国经济体制下，个体消费者的需求以及商人追求最大利润和个人追求最大收入的欲望，这两方面决定了生产什么以及资源如何投入。

【结构分析】 　Thus, in the American economic system it is the demands (of individual consumers), (coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes ), that together determine {what shall be produced } and {how resources are used to produce it }.此句的主干是：In the American economic system, it is the demands..., that together determine what...and how... ；即该句的被强调对象是句子主语the demands，谓语动词是determine，其后面的斜体表达分别是特殊疑问词what和how引导的名词从句，它们是并列关系，共同作谓语determine的宾语（即宾语从句）；此句的理解难点在于被强调的成分，主语demands后面的第一个括号表达是介词短语of...作后置定语，修饰demands；第二个括号表达则是过去分词短语作非限制性定语，相当于（which are）coupled with...，即相当于非限制性定语从句的省略，对demands作进一步补充说明；另外，在此部分中，斜体部分是各自前面desire的双重后置定语。

【词汇精记】 　economic system 经济体制；demand 要求，需求；individual 个体的；consumer 消费者；coupled with （相当于together with）和……一起；desire 欲望；maximize 最大化；profit 利润，利益，好处；determine 决定；resource 资源。

3. Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine, especially if it be wrapped in white paper by a clever chemist.

【翻译演练】 　____________________________

【参考译文】 　不仅仅是那些缺乏知识和没有受过教育的人们才对瓶装药物如此信赖，尤其是当瓶装药物由聪明的药剂师用白纸包装起来的时候。

【结构分析】 　Nor is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith (in the bottle of medicine), especially if it be wrapped in white paper by a clever chemist .此句的强调结构比较特殊，因为否定词Nor置于句首，句子的整体结构是倒装形式；被强调成分the ignorant and ill-educated person在句子中是主语，谓语是has，宾语是such faith，括号中的介词短语是前面faith的后置定语，句末斜体部分是if引导的条件状语从句，修饰谓语动词has，表示其发生的条件；此外，为加强语气，从句的谓语动词采用了虚拟语气的形式。

【词汇精记】 　ignorant 无知的；ill-educated 缺乏教育的；have faith in 信任；wrap 包裹；chemist 药剂师。

4. The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.

【翻译演练】 　________________________

【参考译文】 　所有这一切都表明对睡眠的打扰并非关键，关键的是对睡梦的打扰。

【结构分析】 　The implications of all this were that it was not (the disturbance of sleep) that mattered, but (the disturbance of dreaming).此句的主语是The implications，谓语是系动词were，表语是紧随其后that引导的名词性从句（即表语从句），主语后面的斜体表达of all this 是介词短语作主语的后置定语；强调结构出现在that引导的表语从句中，被强调对象the disturbance of sleep是从句的主语，从句的谓语动词是mattered，末端的画线部分和主语形成对比反差（not...but...）；从句的结构也可以写成it was not the disturbance of sleep but the disturbance of dreaming that mattered，只不过这样会头重脚轻，结构不太协调。

【词汇精记】 　implication 暗示，内涵；disturbance 打扰；matter (vi.) 重要。

5. It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization, for the study of the whole human civilization.

【翻译演练】 　________________________

【参考译文】 　恰恰是对人类自身的研究，主流的社会学科才用对一个区域的研究（即对西方文明的研究）代替了对全人类的研究。

【结构分析】 　 It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study (of one local variation), that (of Western civilization), for the study (of the whole human civilization).此句强调的是in the study of man himself，是句子的范围状语；主语是the major social sciences，谓语是have substituted，宾语是the study，双逗号中间的that...是其前面study的同位语，最后介词for短语是状语（和substitute形成搭配）。

【词汇精记】 　major 主要的；social science 社会学科，社会科学；substitute A for B 用A代替B；local 地方的；variation 变异（形式），变动；Western civilization 西方文明。

6. It was the training that he had as a young man that made him such a good engineer.

【翻译演练】 　_________________________

【参考译文】 　年轻时所受到的训练，使得他成为了一名优秀的工程师。

【结构分析】 　 It was the training (that he had as a young man ) that made him such a good engineer.此句强调的是the training，作句子的主语成分，谓语是made，宾语是him，such a good engineer是宾语补足语。 主语the training后面是that引导的定语从句（易被误认为是强调结构的一部分），修饰先行词the training，其中斜体表达as a young man 是介词短语作时间状语，修饰从句谓语had，表示其发生的时间。

【词汇精记】 　training 训练；as a young man 当年轻的时候；engineer 工程师。

7. What is it that causes us to get so angry with other people when we are sitting behind the wheel of our car?

【翻译演练】 　_____________________________

【参考译文】 　究竟是什么使得我们在坐到方向盘后面的时候会对其他人变得如此生气？

【结构分析】 　What is it that causes us to get so angry with other people//when we are sitting behind the wheel of our car?此句第一段是句子主干，它是一个特殊疑问句形式的强调结构，正常语序是It was what that causes us to...，被强调对象是特殊疑问代词What，在句子中作主语，谓语是causes，宾语是us，to get so angry with other people是不定式短语作宾语补足语；第二段是when引导的时间状语从句，表示前面主句谓语动词causes发生的时间。

【词汇精记】 　get angry with 对……变得生气；sit behind 坐在……后面；wheel 轱辘，轮子，方向盘。

8. It is when the control over immediate environment is threatened, or violated in some way by other road users that anger and rage result.

【翻译演练】 　________________________

【参考译文】 　当其他的道路使用者通过某种方式威胁或侵犯到眼前的环境控制时，愤怒，甚至暴怒，就会油然而生。

【结构分析】 　 It is when the control (over immediate environment) is threatened, or violated in some way by other road users that anger and rage result.此句强调的是when引导的时间状语从句，主语是anger and rage，谓语动词是result；在时间状语从句中，括号中的over短语是control的后置定语，斜体表达分别是方式状语和动作发出者。

【词汇精记】 　the control over 对……的控制；immediate 立刻的，近距离的，当前的；environment 环境；threaten 威胁；violate 违反，违背，冒犯；in some way 通过某种方式；result （作为结果）出现。

9. When I try to understand what it is that it prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one expects, it seems to me that there are two causes.

【翻译演练】 　_______________________

【参考译文】 　当我试图了解究竟是什么使得如此多的美国人不像想象中那么幸福的时候，似乎可以找到两个原因。

【结构分析】 　When I try to understand (what it is that it prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one expects),//it seems to me that there are two causes.此句的第二段是句子主干，结构采用固定句型it seems that...；第一段是when引导的时间状语从句，其中I是主语，谓语是try to understand，宾语是特殊疑问词what引导的名词性从句（即宾语从句）。 此宾语从句采用强调句式，疑问代词what是被强调的从句主语，从句谓语是prevents。

【词汇精记】 　prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做某事；It seems to sb. that... 对于某人来讲似乎……。

10. But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.

【翻译演练】 　______________________________

【参考译文】 　但是，恰恰相反，只是在现代伽利略才成为科学历史学家面前的新生难题。

【结构分析】 　But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science.被强调成分是时间状语only in modern times，句子的主干是that后的表达。

【词汇精记】 　in contrast 完全相反；modern times 现代；Galileo 伽利略（意大利科学家）；a problem child 问题孩子（比喻新生难题）；historians of science 科学历史学家。

11. It is animals and plants which lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt have been continuously deposited, that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.

【翻译演练】 　_______________________

【参考译文】 　只有生活在水中或水边的动植物尸体最有可能被保存下来，因为保存的必要条件之一就是迅速掩埋，所以只有在泥沙不断淤积的海洋和江河里，有时在湖泊里，尸体之类的东西才能被迅速的覆盖而保存下来。

【结构分析】 　 It is animals and plants (which lived in or near water) whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one (of the necessary conditions) (of preservation) is quick burial ,//and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes ,(where mud and silt have been continuously deposited), that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.此句的主干结构是and连接两个分句组成的并列句；第一个分句中的被强调对象是animals and plants，其后面括号中是which引导的定语从句对其进行修饰，此处强调句型的形式较特殊（It is...whose...）；整体而言，第一段的主语是whose remains，谓语是are most likely to be preserved，后面的画线表达是for引导的原因状语从句；第二个分句中强调的是地点状语in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes，紧随其后的是where引导的非限制性定语从句，对其进行补充说明，that后面是此段分句的主干。

【词汇精记】 　remains 残余物，尸体；be most likely to do 最有可能做……；preserve (vt.) 保存；preservation (n.) 保存；burial 埋葬，掩埋；silt 淤泥；deposit 沉淀；the like 类似事物；cover over 覆盖。

12. It is very rarely that one comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads.

【翻译演练】 　________________________

【参考译文】 　很少有人遇到这些动物的尸体，当然除了在道路上。

【结构分析】 　 It is very rarely that one comes across a dead body, except, of course, on the roads.此句强调的是频度状语（very rarely）；句子的主干是that后的表达，主语是one，谓语是comes across，宾语是a dead body，rarely是具有否定含义的频度状语，句末except on the roads是表示范围的状语。

【词汇精记】 　rarely 罕见地；comes across （偶然）碰到。

13. It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive.

【翻译演练】 　______________________________

【参考译文】 　几乎总是由于某些特殊的条件，陆地动物的遗体才被保存下来。

【结构分析】 　 It is almost always due to some very special circumstances that traces of land animals survive.此句强调的是due to引导的原因状语；句子的主干是that后的表达。

【词汇精记】 　due to 因为；circumstance 环境，条件（常用复数）；trace 痕迹；survive 幸存。

14. It was from Stephen that she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.

【翻译演练】 　_______________________________

【参考译文】 　就是从Stephen那里她第一次听说那位被称为专家的人。

【结构分析】 　 It was from Stephen that she first heard of the man (referred to as a specialist).此句强调的是地点状语from Stephen，表示谓语动词heard of发生的具体地点；主干结构是that后面的部分，其中主语是she，谓语是heard of，宾语是the man，句末括号中是过去分词短语referred to...作后置定语，修饰前面的the man。

【词汇精记】 　hear of 听说；refer to...as... 把……称之为……；specialist 专家。

15. It was after reading Adam Smith's The wealth of Nations that Jim Green became fascinated by the economic theory.

【翻译演练】 　_______________________________

【参考译文】 　就是在读了Adam Smith所著的《国富论》之后，Jim Green才开始对经济理论感兴趣的。

【结构分析】 　 It was after reading Adam Smith's The wealth of Nations that Jim Green became fascinated by the economic theory.此句被强调的成分是时间状语after...；句子的主干是that后的表达，其中主语是Jim Green，谓语是became fascinated，状语是前面被强调的after...，表示谓语动作发生的时间（时间状语），句末介词短语by...表示动作的发出者。

【词汇精记】 　Adam Smith 亚当·斯密（英国著名的经济学家）；become fascinated by 变得对……着迷；wealth 财富。

16. It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment with the doctor.

【翻译演练】 　_______________________________

【参考译文】 　直到到家以后她才记起和医生的约会。

【结构分析】 　 It was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment (with the doctor).此句强调的是时间状语not until...；that后面是句子的主干，其中主语是she，谓语是remembered，宾语是her appointment，句末介词短语with...作前面appointment的后置定语，被强调对象not until...表示谓语动词remembered发生的时间；此外还须注意It is/was...that...强调句型中动词时态的灵活用法。

【词汇精记】 　one's appointment with 和某人的约定／约会。