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英语四级阅读模拟实战 52

所属教程:英语四级阅读

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2022年05月24日

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52

Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.

The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands, Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.

Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early; a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples.

Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being.

1.The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children______.

A.is to send them to clinics

B.offers recapture of earlier experiences

C.is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains

D.is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced

2.The child in the nursery______.

A.quickly learns to wait for food

B.doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervals

C.always accepts the rhythm of the world around them

D.always feels the world around him is warm and friendly

3.The encouragement of children to achieve new skills______.

A.can never be taken too far    B.should be left to school teachers

C.will always assist their development D.should be balanced between two extremes

4.Jigsaw puzzles are______.

A.toe difficult for children   B.a kind of building-block toy

C.not very entertaining for adults D.suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation

5.Parental controls and discipline______.

A.serve a dual purpose      B.should be avoided as much as possible

C.reflect the values of the community D.are designed to promote the child's happiness

52

1.【答案】B。

【解析】 从文中第一段的第一句和最后一句可知,解决少儿发展过程中出现的问题的原则是让孩子重新感受、体验他们在早期发展中应该但却未能充分体验的东西,因此B项为正确答案。

2.【答案】B。

【解析】从文中第二段可知,在托儿所里婴儿们开始学习遵守纪律。哪怕是最小的孩子也得一步步教他学会等待食物,学会有规律地作息等等,因此B项为正确答案。

3.【答案】D。

【解析】本题的四个选项中,只有D项正确,这可从文中第三段推出。从中可知,在孩子学习新技能时,家长若急于求成往往会适得其反,导致揠苗助长;但如果反过来,家长对孩子不管不问也会让孩子失去学习的热情。on the other hand暗示了两个极端。

4.【答案】D。

【解析】从文中第四段的最后两句可知,家长和孩子可以通过一起玩玩具、玩游戏如搭积木、拼图和猜字游戏来促进彼此之间的沟通与合作,因此D项正确。

5.【答案】A。

【解析】从文中最后一段的最后一句可知,总的来说,家长对孩子的监督既体现了家长的要求及社会的价值观又要反映孩子的快乐和幸福,所以是实现双重目标。因此A项为正确答案。

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