额头上的皱纹和心血管疾病有关！！！

在东西方文化里，皱纹都是运势衰退的先兆——老年正式到来的明确标志。

But while forehead wrinkles are common, even among young people, those with deeper and more numerous brow lines may have something far more ominous to worry about than simple, inevitable ageing.

额上的皱纹，即使在年轻人中也不罕见;比起不可避免的衰老，那些皱纹更深更多的人可能还会有一些特别的麻烦。

A new study has found that brow wrinkles may in fact be an early warning of heart disease, and scientists still aren't sure why.

一项新的研究发现皱纹实际上可能是心脏病的早期预警，科学家们仍未确定原因。

"You can't see or feel risk factors like high cholesterol or hypertension," saysstudy author Yolande Esquirol, a physician and biomedical researcher at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse in France.

“你无法看到或感受到高胆固醇或高血压等风险因素，”研究的作者Yolande Esquirol说，他是法国图卢兹大学医院和医院的医生和生物医学研究员。

"We explored forehead wrinkles as a marker because it's so simple and visual. Just looking at a person's face could sound an alarm, then we could give advice to lower risk".

“我们将额头皱纹作为标志，因为它非常简单和直观。如果只要看看一个人的脸就能知道他的健康状况，那无疑可以十分方便地给出针对性的健康建议”。

It sounds crazy, but if the connection is verified, forehead wrinkles could join a whole bunch of other strange and unusual assessments for heart disease, including creased earlobes, loose teeth, male pattern baldness, clubbed fingernails, cataracts in the eye, and swelling in the hands, ankles, or feet.

这听起来很疯狂，但如果得到验证，包括前额皱纹在内，未来的体检中可能会加入一系列稀奇古怪、不同寻常的心脏疾病评估项目：褶皱耳垂，牙齿松动，男性秃发，杵状指甲，眼内白内障和手、脚踝或脚浮肿。

To be clear, not all wrinkles convey this risk. Past research, for example, has found that crow's feet - the tiny lines that radiate from the corners of our eyes - are not linked to heart disease, but rather, are a simple consequence of ageing and movement.

要清楚，并非所有皱纹都预示着风险。例如，过去的研究发现，鱼尾纹与心脏病无关，而是衰老和脸部表情频繁的结果。

Nor do these physical signs of heart disease replace deeper and more thorough medical testing. They are simply an easy and low-cost way for doctors to identify which of their patients are at a higher-risk of developing heart disease later on in life.

这些心脏病体征也无法取代更深入、更彻底的医学检测。对于医生而言，它们只是一种简单、低成本的方法，可以粗略判断哪些患者在以后的生活中患心脏病概率更高。

"Of course, if you have a person with a potential cardiovascular risk, you have to check classical risk factors like blood pressure as well as lipid and blood glucose levels, but you could already share some recommendations on lifestyle factors," Esquirol explains.

“当然，如果你是潜在的心血管疾病患者，你必须完成经典的医学检查，如血压、血脂和血糖水平。”Esquirol解释说。

The study examined horizontal forehead wrinkles in a group of 3,200 working adults - all of whom were deemed to be in good health, and were aged 32, 42, 52, and 62 at the beginning of the study.

研究人员检查了3200名在职成年人额上的水平皱纹——他们身体健康，在研究开始时年龄分为四组，分别为32岁，42岁，52岁和62岁。

After being given a score out of three for the number and depth of their brow wrinkles, the researchers followed these participants for two decades.

将他们皱纹按数量和深度分为三个等级，随后，研究人员跟踪观察这些参与者二十年之久。

Out of the 233 people who died for various reasons during the course of the study, 15.2 percent had scored a two or a three for their brow wrinkles, 6.6 percent had scored a one, and 2.1 percent had scored a perfect zero (meaning they had no forehead wrinkles).

20年中因各种原因死亡的233人，15.2%的人皱纹为2或3分，6.6%得分为1分，2.1%得分为零(意味着他们没有额头纹)。

What the data showed was that with every increase in wrinkle score, the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease increased. While there was a slightly higher risk from zero to one, those who had wrinkle scores of two and three had almost 10 times the risk of dying from heart disease than those who scored zero.

数据显示，随着皱纹评分的升高，死于心血管疾病的风险就会增加。虽然从0到1的风险只是略微升高，但那些得分为2和3的人死于心脏病的风险几乎是那些得分为零的人的10倍。

And this was true even after the researchers took into account other factors that predict heart disease like age, gender, job strain, education, smoking status, blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes, and lipid levels.

即使在研究人员考虑到心脏病的其他因素如年龄，性别，工作压力，教育程度，吸烟状况，血压，心率，糖尿病和血脂水平之后，情况也是如此。

"The higher your wrinkle score, the more your cardiovascular mortality risk increases," concludes Esquirol.

“你的皱纹程度得分越高，你因心血管疾病死亡的风险就越高。”Esquirol总结道。

The reason or reasons behind this connection are still not yet understood. But the authors think that forehead wrinkles may be a marker of atherosclerosis – a major contributor to heart attacks that occurs when plaque builds up in our arteries.

这种联系背后的原因尚不清楚。但是作者认为前额皱纹可能是动脉粥样硬化的标志——粥样动脉硬化的主要原因是血小板在我们的动脉中积聚成块。

As the arteries become thick and stiff, blood flow that carries nutrients and oxygen to important organs and tissues can be restricted.

随着动脉变得僵硬狭窄，妨碍了流向重要器官和组织的血液。

Just like atherosclerosis, wrinkles are also linked to changes in plaque collagen and reductions in oxygen availability.

就像粥样动脉硬化一样，皱纹也与血小板胶原蛋白的变化和氧气供应的减少有关。

Because the blood vessels in the forehead are so minute, they are especially vulnerable. The researchers propose that even small changes in plaque build-up could alter their function and appearance.

因为额头上的血管是如此微小，所以它们也特别脆弱。研究人员提出，即使血小板积聚造成的微小变化也可能改变其功能和外观。

"This is the first time a link has been established between cardiovascular risk and forehead wrinkles, so the findings do need to be confirmed in future studies," cautions Esquirol, "but the practice could be used now in physicians' offices and clinics."

“这是第一次在心血管风险和前额皱纹之间建立联系，所以这些发现确实还需在未来的研究中得到进一步证实。”Esquirol警告说，“但现在就可以用于一般门诊。”

"It doesn't cost anything and there is no risk".

“它没有任何成本，也没有风险”。