早餐吃什么的重要性

It's long been lauded as the most important meal of the day.And now the value of breakfast is back on the menu, with research showing the shocking effects of an unhealthy start to the day.

早餐一直被视为一天中最重要的一餐，研究结果显示的不健康早餐带来的严重危害使得早餐的价值更为突出。

One study, carried out at Macquarie University in Sydney, found that eating a high-fat, high-sugar breakfast for just four days could lead to significant brain changes.

悉尼一所大学进行的一项研究发现，高脂肪、高糖分的早餐只需四顿就会使大脑发生明显的变化。

These changes result in learning and memory deficits similar to those seen in overweight and obese people.

这种变化会导致出现像超重、肥胖人群那样的学习能力和记忆的缺陷。

One hundred and two lean, healthy people ate either a high-fat, high-sugar breakfast or a healthier alternative for four consecutive days.

102名清瘦健康的参与者，分成连续四天吃高脂肪、高糖分的不健康早餐和健康早餐的两组。

Those consuming the unhealthy breakfast had a toasted sandwich and a chocolate milkshake.

不健康早餐组选用烤土司三明治及巧克力奶昔;

The remaining healthier eaters consumed either a more nutritious variation of the same meal or a half portion of it.

健康早餐组采用营养多样化的食物或分量减半的方式。

Memory and learning tests were completed before and after breakfast on days one and four.

在实验的第一天早餐前和第四天早餐后分别进行了记忆和学习测验，

Results showed those who ate a fatty, sugary breakfast scored worse on the tests.

而测试结果显示，食用不健康早餐一组的测试者的分数更差。

This is thought to be due to unhealthy breakfasts causing a spike in a person's blood sugar levels, which may impact their memory and cognitive function.

研究者认为这是由于不健康的早餐造成了血糖的飙升，而这会进一步影响人的记忆力和认知能力。

'Fluctuations in blood glucose levels may impair glucose metabolism and insulin signalling in the brain,' Dominic Tran, a postdoctoral research associate at the University of Sydney, wrote in The Conversation.Those who ate the sugary, fatty meal were also less able to distinguish between hunger and fullness.

“血糖水平的波动可能会损害葡萄糖代谢及影响脑胰岛素信号，”悉尼大学博士后研究员Dominic Tran提到，不健康的早餐还会影响人们对饥饿与饱腹的判断，

This is thought to be due to the region of the brain that controls blood sugar levels, known as the hippocampus, also playing a role in appetite.

这被认为是由于大脑中控制血糖的区域(也就是海马体)也会影响人的食欲。

A separate University of Oxford study produced similar results.

牛津大学的一项研究也得到了相似的结论。

The research found that otherwise healthy adults who ate a high-fat diet for just five days also had impaired attention and memory function compared to those who had low-fat meals.

这项研究发现，对于健康的成年人，与低脂肪饮食的人群相比，只需五天高脂肪的饮食，注意力和记忆力就会受到损害。

Sixteen men aged 19-to-28 ate either a high-fat, low-carb diet or a healthy eating regimen for five days. The diets were personalised to each participant and overseen by a dietitian.

16位19到28岁之间的男性测试者，分别采用高脂肪低碳水的不健康饮食方案和健康饮食方案五天。饮食方案针对每个参与者专门设计，并由营养师监督。

The unhealthy eating plans were made up of 70 per cent fat, four per cent carbohydrates and 26 per cent protein.

不健康的饮食计划中含70%的脂肪、4%碳水化合物和26%蛋白质;

This was compared to 50 per cent carbohydrate, 24 per cent fat and 26 per cent protein in the healthier diet.

而健康饮食安排中含50%碳水化合物、24%脂肪和26%蛋白质。

Each morning, the men gave blood samples and completed cognitive tests.

每天早上，参与者都会提供血样并完成认知测试。

Results showed the amount of circulating fat in the bloodstreams of the unhealthy eaters was 44 per cent higher than in the other participants.

结果显示，不健康饮食者血液循环中的脂肪含量高于健康饮食者44%。

Their concentration, speed of memory and ability to recall information also suffered.

而他们的注意力、记忆速度和回想信息的能力都受到了影响。

The study was published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

这项研究刊登在美国临床营养学杂志中。