6个与精神病有关的特征，敢不敢自查一下？

Below are six unexpected characteristics linked to being a psychopath,according to recent studies.Take this list with a grain of salt:It's entirely possible to have several of them and be perfectly well-adjusted(adj.完全调试好了的;完全适应环境的),and many of these studies are small.Still,it's interesting to consider the potential dark side of common traits.

根据最近的研究，接下来列举的是六个与精神病有关的、令人意想不到的特征。请务必对这张清单持保留态度：人们完全有可能中了很多条，却仍然活得好好的，而且这其中许多研究的规模都很小。尽管如此，考虑这些共同特征背后潜在的黑暗面，还是非常有趣的。

1.YOU STUDIED BUSINESS

学的是商科

Different jobs attract different personality types.Most painfully shy people don't go into sales,for instance,while the job might be very appealing for someone who's extremely outgoing and extraverted.If you're a psychopath,on the other hand,you probably are drawn to business.

不同的工作会吸引不同性格类型的人。就比如说，很多极度害羞的人都不会去选择做销售，可这份工作对于那些很外向的人就特别有吸引力。另一方面，如果你是一个精神病患者，你就有可能会对商业学科有很强烈的兴趣。

A 2017 Danish study that analyzed how personality traits correlate with choice of undergraduate majors found that students who scored higher on measures of the"Dark Triad"(黑暗三性格)—a collective term for narcissism,Machiavellianism,and psychopathy—were more likely to study economics or business than law or psychology.

2017年，丹麦学者的一项研究分析了性格特征与本科专业选择之间的关系，发现在“黑暗三性格”测试中测试中得分较高的学生，更有可能去选择经济学或商科，而不是法律或心理学。(Dark Triad是心理学术语“黑暗三性格”，指的是自恋、马基雅维利主义权术与谋略、精神病态的统称)

"The desire for power,status,and money characterizing Dark Triad individuals,"the researchers write,seems to guide their choice of majors.In other words,going into the business world may not make people unscrupulous([ʌnˈskruːpjələs]adj.肆无忌惮的;不讲道德的)as much as unscrupulous people tend to go into business.

研究人员写道：“黑暗三性格指数较高的人，他们对权力、地位和金钱的渴望似乎引导着他们对专业的选择。”换句话说，选择进入商业圈的人可能不是那种不择手段的人，但那种性格极端、寡廉鲜耻的人却更倾向于经商。

2.YOU DON'T CATCH YAWNS

不会被传染哈欠

Being a psychopath is often linked to a lack of empathy for other people.There's more to empathy than just feeling others'pain,though.One of the theories for contagious([kənˈteɪdʒəs]adj.感染性的;会蔓延的)yawning is that it's an empathy response,one found in multiple animal species.

精神病患者常常被认为是对他人缺乏同理心。然而，同理心并不仅仅指的是可以对别人的痛苦感同身受。有关于传染哈欠(就是你如果看到了其他人打哈欠，你也会不由自主地打哈欠，像是被迅速传染上一样)的理论之一是，这是一种在很多种动物中都有发现的移情反应。

Psychopaths,however,don't catch yawns([jɔːn]v.打哈欠;豁开n.打哈欠),according to a 2015 study of 135 university students in Texas.The students who scored higher on measures of psychopathy didn't yawn as much in response to watching videos of other people yawning,the researchers found.If you're impervious to the sight of yawns,you might have an empathy problem.

然而，2015年科学家对德克萨斯州135名大学生做的一项研究表示，那些精神病患者不会被别人传染哈欠。研究人员发现，那些在精神病测试中得分较高的学生在观看其他人打哈欠的视频时，打哈欠的次数并没有其他人那么多。所以，如果你对其他人的哈欠没什么反应，你就可能缺失了一些同理心。

3.YOU'RE A NIGHT OWL

是夜猫子

Our internal clocks are particular beasts.Some of us will just never be morning people,no matter how hard we try,and others will never be able to go to bed early.To some extent,your circadian rhythm( 生理节律;日周期节律)is genetic,though in general,it does change over your lifetime.

我们身体里面的生物钟就像是一个特殊的小怪兽。我们中的一部分人无论多么努力，都永远不会成为早起的人;而另一部分人也永远都做不到早睡。从某种程度上说，你的昼夜规律是遗传的，不过总体而言，这种规律会随着你的人生不断变化着。

People with antisocial tendencies,though,may be more likely to stay up late.A small 2013 study found that people on a night owl schedule exhibited greater Dark Triad traits than early risers.Seems like a useful adaptation to have if you're predisposed to doing bad deeds under the cover of darkness.

然而，专家发现有反社会倾向的人更有可能熬夜。2013年的一项小型研究发现，夜猫子会比习惯早起的人表现出更强的黑暗性格。如果你倾向于在黑夜的掩护下做坏事，那么这一条似乎是有用的信息哦。

4.YOU LOVE EMINEM

喜欢阿姆

Plenty of die-hard(顽固的;铁杆)music fans believe that their tastes speak to their soul,but in the case of psychopaths,personality might be influencing what's on your playlist.

有很多死忠乐迷都相信，他们的音乐品味可以反映出他们的灵魂;但就精神病态这个层面而言，你独特的个性可能会在你的音乐播放列表上有所体现。

According to a preliminary study from New York University,people with higher degrees of psychopathy tend to prefer"No Diggity"and"Lose Yourself"over songs like"My Sharona."The results weren't exactly rock-hard evidence,but the findings were significant enough that the researchers are launching a larger investigation into links between musical tastes and psychopathic traits.

根据纽约大学的一项初步研究，精神病程度较高的人往往更喜欢“No Diggity”和“Lose Yourself”这种暗黑系的歌，而不是“My Sharona”之类的流行歌曲。这些结果并不是非常确凿的证据，但这些发现意义重大，研究人员正在对音乐品味和精神病特征之间的关系展开更大范围的研究。

5.YOU'RE CREATIVE

极具创造力

A desire to break the rules doesn't always result in a desire to break the law.Artists and other creatives march to their own beat,too.In 2016,Filipino researchers found that certain traits associated with psychopathy—especially boldness([ˈboʊldnəs]n.大胆;冒失;显著)—were linked with scores on a divergent thinking test,a common psychological method for measuring creativity.Being a risk taker can help you think more creatively.Some people put that love of risk to work on the canvas,while other people might come up with more nefarious uses.

那种想要打破陈规的渴望，并不是说这种想法会导致违法犯罪。因为艺术家和其他极具创意的人们也在同样的跟着自己的创意节奏走。不过在2016年，菲律宾的研究人员发现，与精神疾病相关的某些特征——尤其是肆意妄为——与发散思维测试(一种衡量创造力的常见心理方法)的分数有关。做一个敢于冒险的人可以帮助你更有创造性地思考。只是有些人把这种冒险精神放在画布上，而某些人则可能会想出更邪恶的用途。

6.YOU'RE STILL FRIENDS WITH YOUR EXES

和前任们还是朋友

Psychopaths are known for cold calculation and manipulation([məˌnɪpjuˈleɪʃn]n.操纵;操作;处理;篡改),and that trait may lead them to keep their exes around long after the relationship ends.A September 2017 study from Oakland University psychologists found that in a sample of more than 800 people,people with psychopathic traits tended to keep exes in their lives for pragmatic([præɡˈmætɪk]adj.实际的;实用主义的),transactional reasons,like wanting the ability to hook up with them again later or knowing they had money.

心理变态者以冷酷无情的算计和操控而出名，而这一特点可能会导致他们在恋情结束后很长一段时间内都能与前任保持正常联系。奥克兰大学的心理学家2017年9月的一项研究发现，在800多人的样本中，有心理病态特征的人更倾向于把前任留在自己的生活圈中，而其中的原因只是一种务实的交易性质，比如希望以后能再和他们约会，或者知道他们有钱。

"Narcissists hate to fail or lose,so will do what they can to maintain some connection if they didn't make the choice to end it,"as narcissism expert Tony Ferretti told Broadly.

“自恋者讨厌失败或失去某样东西，所以如果他们当时在这段感情被迫结束时没得选择，那他们就会尽其所能保持一些联系，”自恋学专家托尼费瑟这样说。