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你的消化系统是如何工作的

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2021年05月25日

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Digestion is the process of breaking down food into nutrients, which your body can use for energy. This process begins in the mouth and ends in the large intestine (via Healthline).

消化是把食物分解成营养物质的过程,你的身体可以利用这些营养物质作为能量。这个过程开始于口腔,结束于大肠。

After you swallow food, it travels down your esophagus, through the esophageal sphincter, and into your stomach where it is broken down by a combination of enzymes and stomach acids. What remains is a mixture of partially digested food and gastric juices, known as chyme, that passes through your small and large intestines.

在你吞下食物后,它会沿着食道,通过食道括约肌,进入你的胃,在那里它会被酶和胃酸的组合分解。剩下的是部分消化的食物和胃液的混合物,称为食糜,会通过你的小肠和大肠。


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In the small intestine, the chyme is further broken down by pancreatic enzymes and bile from the liver. From there, water and digested nutrients are absorbed by the walls of the small intestine and dispersed out into your bloodstream. Any undigested food eventually becomes waste as it proceeds through to the large intestine. While the amount of time it takes to digest food varies from person to person, the entire process can last anywhere between 24 to 72 hours.

在小肠中,食糜被来自肝脏的胰酶和胆汁进一步分解。从那里,水和消化后的营养物质被小肠壁吸收,分散到你的血液中。任何未消化的食物最终都会在进入大肠的过程中变成废物。虽然每个人消化食物所需的时间各不相同,但整个消化过程可能会持续24到72小时。

However, there are a number of health conditions that can disrupt the digestive system and have an effect on the gastrointestinal tract. While they don't necessarily affect the length or speed of digestion, they can cause unpleasant gastrointestinal symptoms (via Greatist).

然而,有一些健康状况可以破坏消化系统,并对胃肠道产生影响。虽然它们不一定会影响消化的长度或速度,但它们会引起不愉快的胃肠道症状。

One condition that can negatively affect digestion is lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose — the sugar that's the main carbohydrate in milk and dairy products (via Greatist). It's caused by a deficiency of the lactase enzyme, which is responsible for breaking down lactose. People who are lactose intolerant often experience digestive issues after eating dairy. Common symptoms include gas, bloating, stomach cramps, nausea, and diarrhea.

乳糖不耐症是会影响消化的一种情况。乳糖不耐症是指不能消化乳糖——乳糖是牛奶和乳制品中的主要碳水化合物。它是由乳糖酶缺乏引起的,乳糖酶负责分解乳糖。有乳糖不耐症的人在吃完乳制品后通常会出现消化问题。常见症状包括胀气、腹胀、胃痉挛、恶心和腹泻。

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can also disrupt the digestive process. IBS is a common digestive disorder that affects the large intestine. Signs and symptoms of IBS include cramping, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and gas. Although there is no cure for IBS, it can be managed with lifestyle changes, dietary restrictions, and medicine.

肠易激综合症(IBS)也会破坏消化过程。肠易激综合征是一种常见的影响大肠的消化紊乱。肠易激综合征的体征和症状包括痉挛、便秘、腹泻、腹痛、腹胀和胀气。虽然肠易激综合征没有治愈方法,但可以通过改变生活方式、限制饮食和药物来控制。

Additionally, acid reflux can impact digestion as well. Acid reflux occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter doesn't tighten and shut as it should, allowing stomach acid to move back up your esophagus. This is often triggered by acidic, spicy, or fatty foods. Chocolate and citrus can also prompt an acid reflux reaction. If you experience acid reflux and heartburn several times a week, you may have a chronic form of acid reflux known as gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD). Do consult with a physician if you have any concerns regarding your digestive health.

此外,胃酸回流也会影响消化。胃酸反流发生在食道下括约肌没有收紧和关闭,使胃酸回流到食道。这通常是由酸性、辛辣或高脂肪食物引起的。巧克力和柑橘也会引起胃酸倒流。如果你一周有几次胃酸反流和烧心的经历,你可能患有一种慢性胃酸反流称为胃肠反流病(GERD)。如果你对你的消化系统健康有任何担忧,一定要咨询医生。


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