手洗盘子VS使用洗碗机

When it comes to hand-washing dishes versus using a dishwasher, some might argue that it comes down to personal preference. A 2015 poll conducted by home improvement resource, Houzz, surveyed participants from eight different countries about their preferred dishwashing method. Results indicated that 67% of Americans are dishwasher fans — a statistic that was predominately echoed among the seven other countries as well. However, across each of the eight countries, 30-40% of individuals still favor washing dishes by hand.

说起用手洗盘子和使用洗碗机时，有些人可能会争辩说这归结于个人偏好。Houzz家装资源公司2015年开展的一项民意调查，对来自八个不同国家的参与者进行了关于他们首选洗碗方法的调查。结果表明，67%的美国人是洗碗机爱好者——这一统计数据在其他七个国家中也得到了广泛的认同。然而，在这八个国家中，仍有30-40%的人喜欢用手洗碗。

Associate Professor Barbara Mullan from Curtin University's school of psychology told 720 ABC Perth just how dirty our used dishes can get, stating, "Ultimately if you leave dirty dishes around and there are people in the house, and possibly animals, they are likely to spread bacteria around. Bacteria will stay alive on surfaces, even clean surfaces, for up to four days. So on dishes that have contamination like food particles, bacteria can stay alive for a very long time."

科廷大学心理学学院的副教授芭芭拉·穆兰在接受珀斯ABC电视台的720台采访时，讲述了我们用过的盘子有多脏，她说:“最终，如果你把脏盘子放在家里，而且屋里有人，可能还有动物，它们很可能会传播细菌。”细菌可以在表面上存活，即使是干净的表面，也可以存活长达四天。所以在有食物颗粒等污染的盘子上，细菌可以存活很长时间。”

So when it comes to getting rid of all that bacteria, is an overnight dishwasher cycle more effective, or is a little elbow grease more likely to do the trick?

所以说到去除所有的细菌，是在洗碗机里洗一个晚上更有效，还是稍微花点力气更有可能做到这一点?

A higher water temperature gets dishes cleaner

水温越高，盘子越干净

As it turns out, dishwashers are no less susceptible to bacterial contamination than our plates and forks are. Research has shown that 100% of dishwasher appliances contain bacteria, primarily around the rubber seal (via Columbia Daily Tribune). A 2018 study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology examined 24 different dishwasher machines and found the presence of a variety of bacteria and fungus. While the microbes detected were classified as "opportunistic pathogens" — meaning essentially harmless to most healthy adults — infections from such pathogens are possible in those who are immuno-compromised (via HealthDay).

事实证明，洗碗机和我们的盘子和叉子一样容易受到细菌污染。研究表明，100%的洗碗机器具都含有细菌，主要是在橡胶密封圈周围(哥伦比亚日报)。2018年发表在《应用与环境微生物学》上的一项研究检查了24种不同的洗碗机，发现了各种细菌和真菌的存在。虽然检测到的微生物被归类为“条件致病菌”——这意味着对大多数健康的成年人基本上无害——但那些免疫功能低下的人可能会受到这种病原体的感染。

Even with the presence of germs in dishwasher appliances, however, dishwashers still rank as healthier than the standard hand-washing approach. One reason is that the water temperature of a dishwasher is higher than that of what we typically use when hand-washing dishes — and it's those high temperatures keeping our dishes so squeaky clean. The Washington Post reports that dishwasher cycles can use water temperatures between 140 to 145 degrees, temperatures that would be scalding to human hands.

然而，即使洗碗机设备中存在细菌，洗碗机仍然比标准的洗手方法更健康。一个原因是，洗碗机的水温比我们通常用手洗盘子时的水温要高——正是这些高温使我们的盘子干净得吱吱作响。《华盛顿邮报》报道，洗碗机循环使用的水温在140到145度之间，这个温度会把人的手烫伤。

Not to mention, your trusty sponge is prime real estate to microbes and other germs. "It has a lot of nooks and crannies, so as you clean up a mess with potential pathogens in it, some of the organisms become lodged in between the sponge," Dr. Philip Tierno tells HuffPost. However, when it comes to hand-washing dishes, thoroughly sanitizing your sponge may help.

更不用说，你信赖的海绵是微生物和其他细菌的主要领地。菲利普·蒂尔诺博士告诉《赫芬顿邮报》:“海绵有很多角落和缝隙，所以当你清理海绵中潜在病原体的混乱时，一些生物体会卡在海绵之间。”然而，当你要用手洗碗的时候，彻底消毒你的海绵可能会有帮助。