03 阅读技巧——泛读 略读抓主旨

略读抓主旨

略读是一种非常实用的阅读技巧，也可以叫做跳读或浏览。但是，这里的跳读不是随便地跳过，浏览不是毫无目的地浏览。我们要在略读的同时准确获取文章大意和主旨。也就是，略读是在阅读的过程中跳过细枝末节，抓住文章主干，从而加快阅读速度的一种方法。

首先，注意文章的标题，标题往往是文章的主题，也就是作者写这篇文章的主旨，我们可以先根据文章的标题大致猜测作者要说什么，了解作者的思路，把握全局。

如标题How to Clean Up Your Kids' Clutter Creatively，从标题我们看出作者写作的意图是教大家怎样有创意地整理孩子杂乱的物品，那么文章的内容就是教大家整理物品的方法了。再如标题Family Travel，从这个标题我们大概可知是关于家庭一起旅游的文章。

其次，浏览全文，从文章的开头入手，力求找出文章的主旨、写作背景和作者的观点态度。

For example

It is necessary to consider another point in examining the character of these principalities:that is, whether a prince has such power that, in case of need, he can support himself with his own resources, or whether he has always needed of the assistance of others.And to make this quite clear I say that I consider those who are able to support themselves by their own resources who can, either by abundance of men or money, raise a sufficient army to join battle against any one who comes to attack them; and I consider those always to have need of others who cannot show themselves against the enemy in the field, but are forced to defend themselves by sheltering behind walls.The first case has been discussed, but we will speak of it again should it recur.In the second case one can say nothing except to encourage such princes to provision and fortify their towns, and not on any account to defend the country.And whoever shall fortify his town well, and shall have managed the other concerns of his subjects in the way stated above, and to be often repeated, will never be attacked without great caution, for men are always adverse to enterprises where difficulties can be seen, and it will be seen not to be an easy thing to attack one who has his town well fortified, and is not hated by his people.

文中斜体加粗的部分表达的就是本段的主旨。

再次，阅读段落，找出主题句。一般情况下，段首就是主题句，但是也有将主题句放在段尾的情况，然后大致了解该段所要表达的大意。

For example

What do kids learn in the kitchen? I've found that when kids cook, they are more likely to taste new foods and, well, eat dinner! More than once, I've watched in dismay as my children refused to eat what I'd prepared.But when they are involved in the cooking, they are invested in the meal.

首先看段首，是个问句，引出下文，再看段尾才是主题句，作者旨在说明孩子在参与做饭的过程中所具有的创造力。

最后，注意连词的使用，往往在连词的后面表达的是作者想要强调或提出的观点态度或中心思想。

For example

Because such a government, being created by the prince, knows that it cannot stand without his friendship and interest, and does it utmost to support him; and therefore he who would keep a city accustomed to freedom will hold it more easily by the means of its own citizens than in any other way.

连词therefore后面的语句才是作者想要表达的观点。