“故宫”中英双语导游词（完整版）
在宁寿宫北边的位置，有个院落，叫景琪阁。光绪的妃子珍妃曾经被关在这个院子的厢房里。景琪阁再北边事贞顺门，门内有口井，叫珍妃井，因珍妃被淹死在那口井里而得名。
珍妃是满洲镶红旗人，姓他他拉氏，出身贵胄之家，一门书香。13岁和其姐(瑾妃)同时被选入宫。光绪十五年册封为珍嫔，五年后晋升为珍妃。居住在东六宫的景仁宫，因得宠常居养心殿。珍妃性格很活泼，有才华，喜欢照相，有时男扮女装，很得光绪的喜欢，但是慈禧不喜欢他。维新变法失败之后，光绪被囚禁在海南的瀛台，珍妃则被囚在宁寿全宫北部景琪阁中的厢房之内。1900年八国联军进京，慈禧太后出逃前，让崔玉贵、王德环将珍妃推入贞顺门内井中淹死，珍妃时年才24岁。第二年，清廷与八国联军议和，慈禧太后派崔玉贵先行回京，让内务府备棺将珍妃打捞出来，装殓入棺，葬在京城西部的田村。慈禧回京后，觉得内心不安，下懿旨追封珍妃为皇贵妃。
好啦，各位朋友，故宫后廷外东路路德讲解到此结束，请各位稍微休息一会儿，10分钟后我们在门口集合。谢谢各位的合作。
题五：故宫后廷内西路主要建筑及御花园
各位朋友，接下来我将带领大家参观故宫后廷内西路的主要景观。乾清宫西侧月华门外有一条长巷叫西一长街，街南端为内右门，北端为琼苑西门。我们要游览的后廷内西路范围就是指西一长街西侧的宫殿区。
现在我们要参观的这组宫殿叫养心殿，“养心”二字出自《孟子》“养心莫善于寡欲”，意为“养心以育德”，就是要通过深入思索，修到美好的品德，以德治天下。养心殿在明朝的时候曾是明世宗朱厚熜修道养身的地方。清初顺治皇帝因患天花病逝于养心殿。康熙继位后，显示住在保和殿，后来移居乾清宫。康熙病逝后，雍正皇帝为了给他守孝就搬到了养心殿，丧期满了之后也没有搬回乾清宫，从此养心殿称为清朝后来皇帝日常生活起居和处理政务的地方，雍正的这个决定使紫禁城内廷的格局出现变化。从此养心殿的地位越来越重要。随着养心殿的地位的上升，内部配套设施很快跟了上来。在紫禁城内，它成为地位仅次于太和殿的宫殿。
养心殿整个建筑呈“工”字形，分为前、后殿。前殿是皇帝处理朝政的地方，后殿为帝后休息的地方。前殿又分为正殿、东暧阁和西暧阁。正殿内设有宝座、御案，屋顶上有蟠龙、藻井及轩辕镜，是皇帝接见大臣的地方。西暧阁是处理日常政务、单独召见大臣、批阅奏章的地方。西暧阁又分成了一大两小三个空间，中间大的为勤政亲贤殿，两个小间一个为通道，另一个就是著名的“三希堂”。三希堂珍藏了三幅传世书法墨宝，分别是王羲之的《快雪时晴帖》、王献之的《中秋帖》、王珣的《伯远帖》。乾隆对这三幅法帖爱不释手，不时揣摩，所以起名为“三希堂”。另一种说法是乾隆对“三希”的解释是“士希贤、贤希圣、圣希天”。寓意臣贤、君明、政通人和。
前殿的东暧阁就是历史上有名的垂帘听政的地方。当年慈禧太后大权在握，于是以皇帝太小不能处理国事为名与慈安太后两宫垂帘听政。各位请看屋内那个帘子，当年小皇帝坐在前面的宝座上，两位皇太后坐在后面，中间有帘将皇帝及太后们隔开。慈安坐南座，慈禧坐在北座。此外在养心殿正殿也设置了垂帘听政的格局，用黄纱屏八扇隔在皇帝宝座之后，慈安位于东座，慈禧坐于西座。
养心殿寝宫在“工”字形建筑的后部，一字排开共五间。正面明间设坐炕一铺，东次间设宝座、紫檀长条案，西次间设紫檀云龙大立柜和坐炕。东西两梢间正面为炕床，即所谓的“龙床”。据说东梢间的床是为皇后来时用的，西梢间的床则是为妃嫔来时用的。东西梢间两侧有净房，即我们今天所说的厕所，净盆用银或瓷制成，足可见帝后生活的奢侈。养心殿后东侧名为体顺堂，是皇后侍寝是的临时住的地方，西侧为燕禧堂，是皇贵妃侍寝时的居所。其他嫔妃则住殿外的东西围房。
养心殿也是清帝退位、结束中国长达二千余年的封建统治的见证人。1911年，孙中山领导的辛亥革命取得胜利，在大势已去的形势之下，1912年2月12日，隆裕皇太后被迫在此代替末代皇帝破译签署了退位诏书。根据民国政府的优待政策，溥仪仍在此居住了13年，1924年冯玉祥将军下令将其逐出故宫。1925年10月10日故宫对外开放。号，下面请各位在这里参观一下，5分钟后集合。
好，各位，这里是养心殿北侧西六宫中的储秀宫，建于明初，嘉靖十四年(1535)改称储秀宫，是清末慈禧初入宫时居住的地方。咸丰年间，慈禧一秀女的身份选入宫后，从被封为兰贵人开始，直到成为太后以前一直住在储秀宫。储秀宫的最后一位主人是末代皇帝溥仪的皇后婉容。1924年11月5日，溥仪和婉容正在宫中谈笑，突然发生冯玉祥“逼宫”的事变，二人仓皇出逃。故宫刚刚对外开放后，参观者还可以看到储秀宫内桌上还有吃剩下的半个苹果，打开的饼干盒，干了的佛手、木瓜和走廊上已经干枯的菊花。好啦，各位朋友，现在请各位参观储秀宫，5分钟后我们在门口集合。谢谢各位的合作。
各位朋友，现在我们来到了紫禁城的后花园--御花园，这里是帝后休憩娱乐的场所。整个花园呈长方形，占地只有1.2万平方米，是紫禁城面积的1.5%，但却容纳了大小20多座不同风格的亭台楼阁，花园北为顺贞门，东南为穷苑东门，西南为琼苑西门。园内古柏参天、奇花异石遍地，布局紧凑，小巧玲珑。御花园分为中轴线及左、右三大部分，现在我先给大家介绍一下中轴线上的钦安殿。
钦安殿位于御花园天一门内的高台上，始建于明永乐十五年(1417)，是供奉道教四象中北方水神--真武大帝的地方，是北京中轴线上唯一的一所宗教性建筑，也是紫禁城最北面的一座宫殿。殿内共有大小神龛11座，位居中央的三大两小神龛内供奉的都是真武大帝。大家可以看到，中央龛内事明代所铸的巨型真武铜像，披发跌足，身着云氅，手持法剑，脚踏龟蛇，十分威武。据说真武大帝有镇火神力，而紫禁城内几乎都是木结构大殿，最怕火，故每年立春、立夏、立秋及立冬之日皇帝来此上香以祈祷水神保佑皇宫四季平安。
各位朋友，现在我们的位置是在御花园的东侧，这里有两个亭子，名为万春和浮壁，在西侧相对应的位置也有两个亭子叫千秋及澄瑞，这四亭为一年四季的象征。再请看这座假山，它的名字叫堆秀山，是由太湖石堆砌而成，山顶有御景亭，它是御花园内最高的建筑，为皇后在九九重阳节登高望远而设。
钦安殿是西北侧是延晖阁，是皇帝登临赋诗的地方。还有一种说法认为这里就是清代选秀女的地方。清朝挑选秀女的范围只限在八旗之内，候选女子的年龄从15岁开始预选，5年之内未被选中便允许自行择配成家。选进宫的秀女出路有二：一是备内廷主位，就是指可能被皇帝看中而成为妃嫔，当年的兰儿就是在这里被选中，后来成为统治大清王朝长达48年的慈禧太后。二是与皇子、皇孙栓婚，或成为亲王、郡王以及亲王、郡王之子指婚。
琼苑东门北侧西向的是绛雪轩，因轩前植名贵海棠多株，花开时似带血红梅，故名。琼苑西门之北二层的楼阁是养性斋，宣统年间，是溥仪的英文老师庄士敦休息的地方。
好啦，各位朋友，故宫后廷内西路的讲解到此结束，现在请各位参观御花园，5分钟后我们咋门口集合。谢谢各位的合作。
英文范例
题一：午门前讲故宫
Ladies and gentlemen:
The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing. It is also known as the Forbidden City in the old days. Actually it was the imperial palace for the emperors and served as both living quarters and the venue of the state administration in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Its name, on the one hand, comes from ancient Chinese astronomers' belief that God's abode or the Purple Palace, the pivot of the celestial world, is located in the Pole Star, at the center of the heavens . Hence, as the Son of God, the emperor should live in the Purple City. On the other hand, except for palace maids, eunuchs and guards, ordinary the Forbidden City and the Purple City.
It took 14 years to complete the magnificent palace. Construction began in 1406 and finished in 1420. The following year, in 1421 the capital of the Ming Dynasty was moved from Nanjing to Beijing. Starting from the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Di to the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty Pu Yi, altogether 24 emperors lived here for a total of 491 years. 14 of then were Ming emperors and 10 were Qing emperors.
The Forbidden City covers an area of 72 hectares with a total floor space of about 163,000 square meters. It is rectangular in shape, 960 meters long from north to south and 750 meters wide from east to west with a10-meter high city wall surrounded and encircled by a 52 meter-wide moat. At each corner of the surrounding wall, there is a magnificent watchtower which was heavily guarded in the old days.
The Forbidden City now consists of more than 90 palaces and courtyards, 980 buildings with rooms of 8,704. Most of the structures in the Forbidden City were made of wood with white marble, stone or brick foundations. The building materials were from parts of our country. The timber came from Sichuan, Guizhou, Guandxi, Hunan and Yunnan provinces in southwest China. But in the Qing Dynasty, the timbers were transported from northeast China. Other construction materials, including brick, stone and lime, were used by both Dynasties. The golden bricks that paved the halls were manufactured in Suzhou, refined bricks used to build the foundation of halls were made in Linqing, and lime came from Yizhou. White marble was provided regularly by Fangshan County and glazed tiles by Sanjiadian.
The Forbidden City can be divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The Outer Court consists of three main buildings where the emperors attended the grand of rear three main buildings and the six eastern palaces and six western palaces where the emperor used to handle daily affairs and the living quarters for the emperor, empress and imperial concubines to live in.
The Forbidden City is the best-preserved imperial palace in China and the largest ancient palatial structure in the world. In 1987 it was listed as the world cultural heritage by UNESCO.
The Meridian Gate is the main entrance to the Forbidden City. It is called Meridian Gate because the emperor believed that the meridian line went right through the Forbidden City and his imperial residence was the center of the whole universe. It is 35.6meters high with five towers on the top, so it is also nicknames as the “Five-Phoenix Tower.”
The Meridian Gate was the place to announce the new lunar year calendar on the first day of 10th lunar month every year. Lanterns would also be hung up on the Meridian Gate on the 15th day of the first lunar month during the Ming Dynasty, when all the officials would have a feast in the Forbidden City and ordinary citizens, when all the officials would have a fast in the Forbidden City and ordinary citizens would go to the Meridian Gate to look at the beautiful lanterns. When a general returned from battle, the ceremony of “Accepting Captives of War” was held here. The “Court Beating” also took place here.
The gate has five openings. The central passageway was for the emperor exclusively. But apart from the emperor, the empress could use the central passageway on the day of the imperial wedding ceremony. However, after the palace examination, the first top three outstanding scholars were allowed to go through the central gate. The high-ranking civil and military officials went in through the side gate on the east. The two smaller ones on both sides at the corner were for the lowranking officials. During the Palace Examination all the candidates went in from these two side-gates according to the odd number or even number.
题二：故宫前朝(中路：太和门至保和殿)
Entering the Meridian Gate, there are five marble bridges on the Inner Golden Water River, shaped like a bow. The five marble bridges just look like five arrows reporting symbolically to heaven. The five bridges were supposed to represent the five virtues preached by Confucius-benevolence, righteousness, rite, intelligence and fidelity.
Across the Inner Golden Water Bridge, we get to the Gate of Supreme Harmony. During the Ming and early Qing dynasties, here was the place where the emperor gave his audience, accepted documents from his ministers and made decisions here. There are two bronze lions guarding in front of the Gate of Supreme Harmony. The male lion was usually put on the left, playing with an embroidered design ball, which is said to show the emperor's supreme power. The other one on the right is the female lion, playing with a lion cub with its left paw symbolizing prosperity of the royal family's offsprings.
Across the Gate of Supreme Harmony , we come to the Hall of Supreme Harmony. Here the emperor held grand ceremonies such as the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the wedding ceremony, dispatched generals to the battles, and the emperor received the successful candidates of the imperial examination etc. Also, the emperor held grand feasts each year on New Year's Day, Winter solstice and his own birthday.
The Hall of Supreme Harmony is 35.5 meters high with double layered roof that represents the highest construction rank of all. Now, let's ascend the stairs and move on to look at articles in display on two sides of the hall. On the top layer of the terrace stands a sundial on the east an imperial grain measure on the west. The sundial is an ancient time measure or a time-measuring apparatus used in the old days. The sundial tells the time by seeing the shadow of the metal pin on the sundial, which has an inclination angle of 50 degrees with the graduation on it. The grain measure was used as the national standard measure in agriculture in the old days. Both the grain measure and the sundial were symbols of the emperor's justice and rectitude.
There are two pairs of incense burners in the shape of bronze dragon-headed tortoises and bronze cranes placed on each side. They are both symbols of longevity.
