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2016年公共英语三级考试经典语法讲解之动词虚拟语气

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2016年07月27日

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  动词虚拟语气

  I. 要点

  表示说的话不是事实,或者是不可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。

  1、 虚拟语气的构成

  情景 条件从句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词

  与现在事实相反 动词过去式 (be要用were) should

  +动词原形

  would

  与过去事实相反 had +过去分词 should

  +have+过去分词

  would

  与将来事实相反 1、动词过去时

  2、should +动词原形

  3、were to +动词原形 should

  +动词原形

  would

  注:如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如:

  Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

  2、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用

  (1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等,其谓语形式是"should(可省) +动词原形",常用于以下三种句型中。

  句型一:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

  句型二:It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

  句型三:It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

  如: It is strange that he (should) have done that.

  It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

  It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

  (2) 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中,表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:

  I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

  (3) 在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:

  His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

  (4) 在同位语从句中,谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:

  We received order that the work be done at once.

  (5) 在It is time that…句型中,其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或

  "should +动词原形",should不可省。如:It's time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

  II. 例题

  例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.

  A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

  解析:该题正确答案为D。had hoped表示"本希望",同样用法的动词还有think, expect等,后面的句子需用虚拟语气

  例2 "Mary wants to see you today".

  "I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

  A comes B came C should come D will come

  解析:该题正确答案为B。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气,用动词过去时表示。www.examw.com

  例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.

  A had done B might have done C might do D would do

  解析:Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为B。


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