[高中]全新语法:定语从句注意事项 一、关系代词的区别

一、关系代词的区别

1.只用that不用which的情况

（1）先行词是all，much，little，few，something，anything，everything，none，nothing等不定代词时

All that she lacked was training.她所缺少的是训练。

Is there anything （that）I can do for you？ 有什么事要我做吗？

There is little （that）I can do to make up for lost time.我做什么都无法弥补时间的损失。

There is not much that ought to be done right now.现在没有太多的事情要做。

（2）先行词被any，the only，the very，the same等限定词修饰时

Give me any book that you would recommend.给我你要推荐的书。

These are the very points that puzzle me.正是这几点难住了我。

（3）先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。

This is the first time that I’ve heard of him.这是我第一次听到关于他的情况。

（4）先行词中既有人又有物时

They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.

他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们。

The man and the car that you want to see are all here.你想见的人和车都在这里。

（5）主句是以who或which 开头的特殊疑问句时。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate？ 站在门口的那个人是谁？

Which of the books that refers to the importance of education？

哪本书提到了教育的重要性？

2.只用which不用that的情况

（1）引导非限制性定于从句时

Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。

Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.

足球是很有趣的运动项目，全世界都在踢。

（2）介词位于关系代词之前时

I’m looking for a container in which I can put all these peaches.

我想找一个能放下这些桃子的容器。

Copper is one of the metals with which we are most familiar.

铜是我们最熟悉的金属之一。

（3）先行词本身就是that时

What’s that which was flying in the sky just now？ 刚才在天空中飞的是什么东西？

I don’t like that which he did.我不喜欢他做的那件事。

（4）先行词是不明性别的baby，child时。

Have you noticed that child which has lost his way？ 你注意到那个迷路的孩子了吗？

The baby which the nurse has just brought in is John’s child.

护士刚抱来的那个婴儿是约翰的孩子。

3.只用who不用that的情况

（1）先行词是指人的不定代词如one，ones，anyone，everyone，none，all时

One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.

一个无所畏惧的人敢于说实话。

We don’t want anyone who can’t afford the tuition fee to drop out of school.

我们不想让任何交不起学费的人辍学。

（2）those who“那些……的人”句式中

Those who have good manners will be highly respected.

那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。（复数）

He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最美。（单数）

（3）非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时

Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.

我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长烹调。

Then he met Mary，who invited him to a party.

后来他遇到玛丽，玛丽邀请他去参加晚会。

4.as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

（1）as引导的从句可置于句首、句中、句末，而which 只能置于句末。

As you will find out，all is now settled.你会发现，一切都已搞定了。

David，as you know，is a photographer.戴维是个摄影师，你是知道的。

Li Ming is late，as is often the case.李明迟到了，这事经常发生。（不可用which）

（2）as 具有“正如、像；由……而知；与……一致”等意义。

Shakespeare is a famous writer，as we all know.莎士比亚是著名作家，这众人皆知。

She is very patient，as is shown in her work.

她很有耐心，正如她工作中所表现出来的一样。

（3）which引导的定语从句往往表示由于主句的原因所产生的结果。

Crusoe’s dog died，which made him very sad.克鲁索的狗死了，这使得他很难过。

Bamboo is hollow，which makes it very light.竹子是中空的，因此它很轻。

（4）as 多用于固定搭配中

as can be seen 看得出来　　　　　　　　as is announced 据宣布

as is expected 正如所料想的那样　　　　as has been explained 正如所解释的那样

as has been said before 如前所述　　　 as is natural 很自然地

as often happens 这情况常发生　　　　　as is reported 据报道

as is shown 如……所示　　　　　　　　　 as is well-known 众所周知

as you know 如你所知　　　　　　　　　 as you see 如你所见