里根于1984年在复旦大学的演讲

里根于1984年在复旦大学的演讲

We have been in your country only 5 days, but already we have seen the wonders of a lifetime—the Great Wall of China, a structure so huge and marvelous that it can be seen from space; the ancient city of Xi’an; and the Tomb of the Great Emperor and the buried army that guards him still. These are the wonders of ages past.

But today I want to talk to you, the young people of a great university, about the future, about our future together and how we can transform human life on this planet if we bring as much wisdom and curiosity to each other as we bring to our scholarly pursuits.

I want to begin, though, with some greetings. I bring you greetings not only from my countrymen but from one of your countrymen. Some of you know Ye Yang, who was a student here. He graduated from Fudan and became a teacher of English at this university. Now he is at Harvard University in the United States, where he is studying for a doctorate in comparative literature.

My staff spoke to him before we left. Mr. Ye wants you to know he is doing fine. He is working hard on his spring term papers, and his thoughts turn to you often. He asked me to deliver a message to his former students, colleagues, friends, and family. He asked me to say for him, and I hope I can, “Wo xiang nian da jia”.

He wants you to know that he looks forward to returning to Fudan to teach. And President Xie, he said to tell you he misses your friendship and encouragement. And Mr. Ye says you are a very great woman and a great educator. You will be proud to know that he received straight as last term. And when we congratulated him, he said, “I have nothing to be proud of myself; I am so proud of my university.”

I’d like to say a few words about our China-U.S. educational exchange programs. It’s not entirely new, this exchanging of students. Your President Xie earned a degree from Smith College in the United States. Smith is also my wife Nancy’s alma mater. And President Xie also attended MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, one of our greatest universities of science, engineering, and technology.

But in the past few years, our two countries have enjoyed an explosion in the number of student exchanges. Five years ago, you numbered your students studying abroad in the hundreds. Since then, 20,000 Chinese scholars have studied throughout the world, and more than half of them have come to American schools. More than 100 American colleges and universities now have educational exchanges with nearly as many Chinese institutions.

We have committed more resources to our Fulbright program in China than in any other country. Two of the American professors teaching here at Fudan are Fulbright professors. And there are 20 American students studying with you, and we’re very proud of them.

American students come to China to learn many things—how you monitor and predict earthquakes, how you’ve made such strides in researching the cause and treatment of cancer. We have much to learn from you in neurosurgery and in your use of herbs in medicine. And we welcome the chance to study your language, your history, and your society.

You, in turn, have shown that you’re eager to learn, to come to American schools and study electronics and computer sciences, math and engineering, physics, management, and the humanities. We have much to share in these fields, and we’re eager to benefit from your curiosity. Much of this sharing is recent, only 5 years old. But the areas of our mutual cooperation continue to expand. We’ve already agreed to cooperate more closely in trade, technology, investment, and exchanges of scientific and managerial expertise. And we have just concluded an important agreement to help advance our technological and economic development through the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

That term“peaceful use of nuclear energy”is a key. Our agreement rests upon important principles of nonproliferation. Neither of our countries will encourage nuclear proliferation nor assist any other country to acquire or develop any nuclear explosive device.

We live in a troubled world, and the United States and China, as two great nations, share a special responsibility to help reduce the risks of war. We both agree that there can be only one sane policy to preserve our precious civilization in this modern age: A nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought. And no matter how great the obstacles may seem, we must never stop our efforts to reduce the weapons of war. We must never stop at all until we see the day when nuclear arms have been banished from the face of this Earth.

With peaceful cooperation as our guide, the possibilities for future progress are great. For example, we look forward to exploring with China the possibilities of cooperating in the development of space on behalf of our fellow citizens.

Our astronauts have found that by working in the zero gravity environment of space, we will be able to manufacture life-saving medicines with far greater purity and efficiency, medicines that will treat diseases of heart attack and stroke that afflict millions of us. We will learn how to manufacture Factor 8, a rare and expensive medicine used to treat hemophiliacs. We can research the Beta Cell, which produces insulin, and which could provide mankind’s first permanent cure for diabetes.

New satellites can be launched for use in navigation, weather forecasting, broadcasting, and computer technology. We already have the technology to make the extraordinary commonplace. We hope to see the day when a Chinese scientist working out an engineering problem in Fudan will be able to hook into the help of a scientist at a computer at MIT. And the scientist in Boston will be able to call on the expertise of the scientist in Shanghai, and all of it in a matter of seconds.

My young friends, this is the way of the future. By pooling our talents and resources, we can make space a new frontier of peace.

Your government’s policy of forging closer ties in the free exchange of knowledge has not only enlivened your economy, it has opened the way to a new convergence of Chinese and American interests. You have opened the door, and let me assure you that ours is also open.

Now, all of this is particularly exciting in light of the recent history of our two countries. For many years, there was no closeness between us. The silence took its toll. A dozen years ago, it began to change. Together, we made it change. Now in the past 5 years, your policy of opening to the outside world has helped us begin to know each other better than we ever had before.

But that process has just begun. To many Americans, China is still a faraway place, unknown, unseen, and fascinating. And we are fascinated.

I wonder if you’re aware of the many ways China has touched American life. The signs of your influence and success abound. If I were spending this afternoon in Washington, I might look out the window and see a man and woman strolling along Pennsylvania Avenue wearing Chinese silk. They might be on their way to our National Portrait Gallery to see the Chinese art exhibit. And from there, perhaps they would stroll to our National Gallery to see the new building designed by the Chinese American architect, I.M. Pei. After that, they might end their day dining in a restaurant that serves Chinese cuisine.

We associate China with vitality, enormous vitality, and something that doesn’t always go along with that—subtlety, the subtlety of discerning and intelligent minds.

Premier Zhao saw something of the American attitude toward China when he visited us in January. He said after a few days in our country that he never expected such profound feelings of friendship among the American people for the Chinese people.

Well, let me say, I’m happy to return the compliment. I have found the people of China to be just as warm and friendly toward us, and it’s made us very glad.

But meeting you and talking to you has only made me want to know more. And I sense that you feel the same way about Americans. You, too, wish to know more.

I would like to tell you something about us, and also share something of my own values.

First of all, America is really many Americas. We call ourselves a nation of immigrants, and that’s truly, what we are. We have drawn people from every corner of the Earth. We’re composed of virtually every race and religion, and not in small numbers, but large. We have a statue in New York Harbor that speaks of this, a statue of a woman holding a torch of welcome to those who enter our country to become Americans. She has greeted millions upon millions of immigrants to our country. She welcomes them still. She represents our open door.

All of the immigrants who came to us brought their own music, literature, customs, and ideas. And the marvelous thing, a thing of which we’re proud, is they did not have to relinquish these things in order to fit in. In fact, what they brought to America became American. And this diversity has more than enriched us; it has literally shaped us.

This tradition—the tradition of new immigrants adding to the sum total of what we are—is not a thing of the past. New immigrants are still bringing their talents and improving the quality of American life. Let me name a few—I think you’ll know their names.

In America, Wang computers have become a fixture in offices throughout the country. They are the product of the energy and brilliance of Mr. a Wang, who himself is the product of a Shanghai university.

The faces of our cities shine with the gleaming buildings of Mr. I.M. Pei, who first became interested in architecture as a student here in Shanghai.

What we know of the universe and the fundamental nature of matter has been expanded by the Nobel Prize winning scientist, Dr. Lee Tsung-Dao, who was born in Shanghai.

We admire these men; we honor them; and we salute you for what you gave them that helped make them great.

Sometimes in America, some of our people may disagree with each other. We are often a highly disputatious nation. We rather like to argue. We are free to disagree among ourselves, and we do. But we always hold together as a society. We’ve held together for more than 200 years, because we’re united by certain things in which we all believe, things to which we’ve quietly pledged our deepest loyalties.

I draw your special attention to what I’m about to say, because it’s so important to an understanding of my country.We believe in the dignity of each man, woman, and child. Our entire system is founded on an appreciation of the special genius of each individual, and of his special right to make his own decisions and lead his own life.

We believe—and we believe it so deeply that Americans know these words by heart—we believe“that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among those are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.” Take an American student or teacher aside later today and ask if he or she hasn’t committed those words to memory. They are from the document by which we created our nation, the Declaration of Independence.

We elect our government by the vote of the people. That is how we choose our Congress and our President. We say of our country, “Here the People Rule, ”and it is so.

Let me tell you something of the American character. You might think that with such a varied nation, there couldn’t be one character, but in many fundamental ways, there is.

We are a fair-minded people. We’re taught not to take what belongs to others. Many of us, as I said, are the children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren of immigrants, and from them we learned something of hard labor. As a nation we toiled up from poverty, and no people on Earth are more worthy to be trusted than those who have worked hard for what they have. None is less inclined to take what is not theirs.

We’re idealists. Americans love freedom, and we’ve fought and died to protect the freedom of others. When the armies of fascism swept Europe four decades ago, the American people fought at great cost to defend the countries under assault.

When the armies of fascism swept Asia, we fought with you to stop them. And some of you listening today remember those days, remember when our General Jimmy Doolittle and his squadron came halfway around the world to help. Some of those pilots landed in China. You remember those brave young men. You hid them and cared for them and bound up their wounds. You saved many of their lives.

When the Second World War was won, the United States voluntarily withdrew from the faraway places in which we had fought. We kept no permanent armies of occupation. We didn’t take an inch of territory, nor do we occupy one today. Our record of respect for the freedom and independence of others is clear.

We’re a compassionate people. When the war ended, we helped rebuild our allies—and our enemies as well. We did this because we wanted to help the innocent victims of bad governments and bad policies, and because, if they prospered, peace would be more secure.

We’re an optimistic people. Like you, we inherited a vast land of endless skies, tall mountains, rich fields, and open prairies. It made us see the possibilities in everything. It made us hopeful. And we devised an economic system that rewarded individual effort that gave us good reason for hope.

We love peace. We hate war. We think—and always have—that war is a great sin, a woeful waste. We wish to be at peace with our neighbors. We want to live in harmony with friends.

There is one other part of our national character I wish to speak of. Religion and faith are very important to us. We’re a nation of many religions. But most Americans derive their religious belief from the Bible of Moses, who delivered a people from slavery; the Bible of Jesus Christ, who told us to love thy neighbor as thyself, to do unto your neighbor as you would have him do unto you.

And this, too, has formed us. It’s why we wish well for others. It’s why it grieves us when we hear of people who cannot live up to their full potential and who cannot live in peace.

We invite you to know us. That is the beginning of friendship between people. And friendship between people is the basis for friendship between governments.

The silence between our governments has ended. In the past 12 years, our people have become reacquainted, and now our relationship is maturing. And we’re at the point where we can build the basis for a lasting friendship.

Now, you know, as I do, that there is much that naturally divides us: time and space, different languages and values, different cultures and histories, and political systems that are fundamentally different. It would be foolish not to acknowledge these differences. There’s no point in hiding the truth for the sake of a friendship, for a friendship based on fiction will not long withstand the rigors of this world.

But let us, for a moment, put aside the words that name our differences and think what we have in common. We are two great and huge nations on opposite sides of the globe. We are both countries of great vitality and strength. You are the most populous country on Earth; we are the most technologically developed. Each of us holds a special weight in our respective sides of the world.

There exists between us a kind of equipoise. Those of you who are engineering students will perhaps appreciate that term. It speaks of a fine and special balance.

Already there are some political concerns that align us, and there are some important questions on which we both agree. Both the United States and China oppose the brutal and illegal occupation of Kampuchea. Both the United States and China have stood together in condemning the evil and unlawful invasion of Afghanistan. Both the United States and China now share a stake in preserving peace on the Korean Peninsula, and we share a stake in preserving peace in this area of the world.

Neither of us is an expansionist power. We do not desire your land, nor you ours. We do not challenge your borders. We do not provoke your anxieties. In fact, both the United States and China are forced to arm themselves against those who do.

The United States is now undertaking a major strengthening of our defenses. It’s an expensive effort, but we make it to protect the peace, knowing that a strong America is a safeguard for the independence and peace of others.

Both the United States and China are rich in human resources and human talent. What wonders lie before us if we practice the advice, Tong Li He Zuo—Connect strength, and work together?

Over the past 12 years, American and Chinese leaders have met frequently to discuss a host of issues. Often we have found agreement, but even when we have not, we’ve gained insight into each other, and we’ve learned to appreciate the other’s perspectives on the world.

This process will continue, and it will flourish if we remember certain things. We must neither ignore our problems nor overstate them. We must never exaggerate our difficulties or send alarms for small reasons. We must remember that it is a delicate thing to oppose the wishes of a friend, and when we’re forced to do so, we must understand with each other.

I hope that when history looks back upon this new chapter in our relationship, these will be remembered as days when America and China accepted the challenge to strengthen the ties that bind us, to cooperate for greater prosperity among our people, and to strive for a more secure and just peace in the world.

You, the students at Fudan University, and the scholars at all the universities in China and America have a great role to play in both our countries’ futures. From your ranks will come the understanding and skill the world will require in decades to come. Today’s leaders can pave the way of the future. That is our responsibility. But it is always the younger generation who will make the future. It is you who will decide if a continuing, personal friendship can span the generations and the differences that divide us. In such friendship lies the hope of the world.

When he was a very young man, Zhou Enlai wrote a poem for a schoolmate who was leaving to study abroad. Zhou appreciated the responsibilities that separated them, but he also remembered fondly the qualities that made them friends. And his poem ends:

Promise, I pray, that someday

When task done, we go back farming,

We’ll surely rent a plot of ground

And as pairing neighbors, let’s live.

Well, let us, as pairing neighbors, live.

I’ve been happy to speak to you here, to meet you in this city that is so rich in significance for both our countries. Shanghai is a city of scholarship, a city of learning. Shanghai has been a window to the West. It is a city in which my country and yours issued the communique that began our modern friendship. It is the city where the Yangtze meets the East China Sea, which, itself, becomes the Pacific, which touches our shores.

My young friends, history is a river that may take us as it will. But we have the power to navigate, to choose direction, and make our passage together. The wind is up, the current is swift, and opportunity for a long and fruitful journey awaits us.

Generations hence will honor us for having begun the voyage, for moving on together and escaping the fate of the buried armies of Xi’an, the buried warriors who stood for centuries frozen in time, frozen in an unknowing enmity.

We have made our choice. Our new journey will continue. And may it always continue in peace and in friendship.

Thank you very much.

我们到达中国访问虽然仅有五天，所看到的名胜古迹却使我们终生难忘。这当中有从太空都能看到的巍峨壮观的万里长城，还有古城西安、秦始皇墓和出土的兵马俑。这些都是历史上的奇迹。

但是，我今天想和你们这所著名学府的年轻人谈谈未来，谈谈我们共同的未来，谈谈我们怎样才能发挥治学的才智和探索精神来了解彼此的情况，改变人类的生活。

首先，我代表我的国民对来听我演讲的诸位表示由衷的问候。此外，我还带来一位你们的同胞的问候，也就是曾经在复旦就读的叶扬。他从复旦毕业，并在此担任英语教师。现在在美国哈佛大学攻读比较文学博士学位。

离开前，我的工作人员曾与他谈话。叶扬希望他的同胞知道他一切顺利。他正努力地写第二学期的论文，他非常想念你们。他请我向他的学生、同事、朋友和家人带个口信，他说：“我想念大家。”能帮他这个忙，我非常高兴。

他想告诉你们，他期待回到复旦教学。谢校长，叶扬还想告诉您，他非常感谢您的鼓励，也珍惜您的友谊。他还说您是一位非常伟大的女性，也是一位很好的教师。听到他上学期拿了年级最优，相信您会感到非常自豪的。我们祝贺他的时候，他说：“我自己没什么可自豪的，但是我为我的大学感到自豪。”

我想略微谈谈中美之间的教育交流计划。两国交换留学生，实际上并不是什么新事物，你们的谢校长曾在美国史密斯学院获得学位。史密斯学院也是我的夫人南希的母校。谢校长还在麻省理工学院学习过，这是美国最大的一所理工学院。

然而，最近几年以来，两国交换的留学生人数急剧增加。五年前中国去国外的留学生还只不过几百名，而现在中国在全世界的学者和学生已达两万多名，其中一半以上到美国学习。现在有一百多家美国大专院校和几乎同样多的中国大专院校建立了教育上的交流关系。

美国的“富布赖特奖学金计划”拨给中国的奖学金，比拨给任何其他国家的都多。在复旦任教的美国教授当中就有两位是“富布赖特教授”。还有二十位美国学生也在这里和大家一起学习，我们很为他们自豪。

美国学生在中国学习有广阔的天地。他们向中国学习如何监测和预报地震，学习中国在研究癌症的病因和治疗方面是如何取得这么多成就的。中国在神经外科、用草药治病等方面，有许多东西可供我们学习。我们也非常高兴有机会研究中国的语言、历史和现代社会。

你们也表示很愿意向我们学习，来美国学校学习电子和计算机科学、数学和工程学、物理学、管理学以及人文学科。在这些领域里，我们可以相互学习的地方很多。我们殷切希望从你们的探索精神中获益。两国之间相互学习是最近才有的事，很多这类活动只有五年的历史。但是我们彼此合作的领域还在不断增加。我们已经商定在贸易、技术、投资以及科学与管理专业知识的交流等方面进行更密切地合作。此外，我们刚刚还达成了一项重要的协议，通过和平利用核能来促进我们的技术和经济发展。

“核能的和平利用”条款是一个关键。我们的协议是建立在重要的防扩散原则基础之上的。不论是中国还是美国都不支持核扩散，也不会帮助任何其他国家得到或开发出任何核爆装置。

我们生活在一个动荡的世界中，美中两国都是伟大的国家，对减少战争危险都负有特别的责任。我们双方一致认为，为了使人类宝贵的文明能够在当代不毁于一旦，只有一种政策是合理的，那就是永远不打那种谁也打不赢的核战争。不管障碍看来有多大，我们永远不应放松削减战争武器的努力。我们丝毫也不能放松，直到把核武器从地球上彻底销毁。

只要我们奉行和平合作的方针，就有可能在将来取得巨大的进步。例如，我们期望与中国一起探讨是否有可能合作开发太空，这是符合世界人民的利益的。

我们的宇航员发现，在失重的宇宙环境中，将能够生产纯度更高、更加有效的药物，来治疗千百万人的心脏病和中风病。我们将能在轨道上试验制作“第八因子”，这是一种非常珍贵的稀有药物，可以治疗血友病。我们可以研究β细胞，用它来生产胰岛素，用它也许能够根治人类的糖尿病。

我们可以合作发射各种新型卫星，包括用于导航、气象预报、广播、电子计算机技术等方面的卫星。我们已经拥有化神奇为现实的技术。我们希望有一天，在复旦研究工程学问题的一个中国科学家，将能够同美国麻省理工学院一台计算机旁的科学家沟通联系，请他给予协助。同样，在美国波士顿的一位科学家，也将能够向上海的一位科学家寻求提供专业知识。而这种联系只需要几秒钟的时间就可以连接。

青年朋友们，这就是未来发展的方向。如果我们把才能和资源汇合起来，就能把太空这个尚未开拓的疆域变成一个新的和平疆域。

在自由交流知识方面，中国政府奉行加强对外联系的政策，这不仅活跃了中国的经济，而且为促进中美两国的共同利益开辟了新的渠道。你们已经打开了门户，我向你们保证，我们的门户也是敞开着的。

这些新发展同过去两国的关系相对照，令人感到特别兴奋。两国关系曾经疏远了许多年，两国为此付出了代价。十二年前情况开始变化，那是在我们共同努力之下促成的变化。在最近五年里，中国实行的对外开放政策，使我们开始比以往更加了解对方。

然而这一过程仅仅是个开端。时至今日，仍然有许多美国人觉得中国远在天涯海角，鲜为人知，令人心驰神往。

我们对中国确实心驰神往。各位可知道，中国已经在许多方面对美国的生活发生了影响。中国的影响，中国的成就，在美国到处可见。如果今天下午我是在华盛顿，只要望向窗外，便可以看到一男一女，身穿中国丝绸服装，在白宫门前的宾夕法尼亚大道上散步。他们可能正在前往国立人像馆去看中国艺术展览，看完展览以后，他们也许会漫步到国家美术馆，去看美籍华裔建筑师贝聿铭为该馆设计的新楼。然后他们可能会去一家中国餐馆吃晚饭，以此来结束一天的活动。

我们提到中国就会想起朝气，蓬勃向上的朝气。我们还想起并不总是与朝气并存的敏锐，洞察事物的敏锐和睿智头脑的敏锐。

赵总理在今年一月访问美国期间，看到了美国对待中国的态度。他在访问了几天以后说：“从来没有料到，美国人民对中国人民怀着这样深厚的友情。”

我高兴地说，我也可以用同样的赞扬来回赠中国人民。我发现中国人民对美国人民怀有同样热烈和深厚的友情，这使我们感到非常高兴。

但是，在今天与大家见面和谈话以后，我感到我需要更多地了解中国人民。想来你们也有同感，也想更多地了解美国人民。

我想告诉你们一些关于我们的情况，也想同你们分享一些我自己的价值观念。

首先，美国占了半个美洲。我们常把美国称为“移民之国”，情况确实如此，美国人来自世界上的每一个角落。美国有世界上的每一个种族，每一种宗教，而且各种族、各宗教的人数不是少数，而是多数。纽约港的自由女神像说明了这一点。自由女神高擎着火炬欢迎所有来到我们国家成为我国公民的人。她已经迎来了数以百万的移民来到我们的国家，她还将继续下去。她，就是美国敞开的大门。

所有来到我们国家的移民带来他们自己的音乐、文学、风俗和思想。最了不起、最令我们自豪的是他们不必放弃他们原有的一切来适应这片土地。事实上，正是他们所带来的一切才成就了美国。这种多样性不仅充实了美国，也塑造了美国。

新来的移民不断给美国带来新事物，这是一种传统，一直延续至今。今天，外国移民仍然不断前来美国，不断把他们的才智带到美国来，不断提高着美国人民的生活水平。下面让我介绍其中的几位，大家一定会知道他们的名字。

王安公司的电子计算机，现在已成为美国各地办公室里的必备之物。这些计算机是王安先生的天才和心血培育出来的，而王安先生本人是上海一所大学培养出来的。

贝聿铭先生设计的建筑，为美国的城市面貌增添了光彩。贝聿铭先生对建筑艺术的兴趣，是他在上海读书时就产生的。

荣获诺贝尔奖金的科学家李政道博士，丰富了我们对宇宙、对物质的基本特性的认识。他是在上海出生的。

我们赞赏这些人，尊敬这些人。你们为使他们成材做出了贡献，我们也要向你们致敬。

在美国，有时候我们会相互争执，美国是一个爱争论的民族，我们喜欢辩论。尽管我们彼此之间相互争执，但我们团结一致，组成一个整体。我们一起走过了两百多年，坚定不移的信念让我们团结在一起，我们默默地笃信忠贞不渝的信念。

我提请诸位注意我接下来要说的话，因为它对了解我的国家至关重要。我们信仰每一位男士、女士和孩子的尊严。我们的整个体制是建立在对每一个人的天分欣赏之上，是建立在每个人有做自己的决定，过自己的生活的特权之上。

我们深信“人人生而平等，他们享有造物者赋予的若干不可剥夺的权利——生命的权利、自由的权利和追求幸福的权利。”这就是我们的信念，每一个美国人都能背诵这句名言。散会以后，你们可以把这里的任何一位美国学生或教员拉到一旁，问问他能不能背诵这句出自美国建国文献《独立宣言》的名言。

我们通过国民的投票选举我们的政府，选择我们的国会和总统。我们称美国是“人民统治”，事实确实如此。

我来讲讲我们的国民品质。你们可能认为如此复杂的民族不可能有一种共同的品质，但是在许多基本方面我们是一致的。

我们是公正的人。我们从小受到的教育让我们不拿任何属于别人的一丝一毫。正如我前面所述，我们当中的大多数都是移民的孩子、孙子和曾孙，我们从前辈那里学到了要艰苦劳动。我们的民族靠着辛勤劳作白手起家，世界上再没有人比我们这些为自己奋斗的人更值得信任。而且，所有的人都在觊觎那些不属于自己的东西。

美国人民热爱自由，也愿意为维护别人的自由而战斗，而献身。四十年前，法西斯军队席卷欧洲大陆，美国人民挺身而出，投放战斗，为保卫受侵略的国家作出了重大牺牲。

法西斯军队席卷亚洲的时候，我们和你们并肩抗敌。在座的有些人会记得那时的情况，会记得美国的杜立德将军率领轰炸机队，飞越半个地球前来助战的事迹。有些飞行员在中国上空机毁人伤，你们还记得那些勇敢的小伙子吧?你们把它们藏起来，照料他们，给他们包扎伤口，你们救了他们很多人的命。

二战胜利之后，美国自动从曾经战斗的地区退出，没有留下永久的占领军。我们当时没有拿走别国的一寸土地，现在也不会。我们记录在案的对他人自由和独立的崇尚是显而易见的。

美国人民是富有同情心的人民。当战争结束，美国人帮助重建同盟国，也包括我们的敌国。我们如此做，是希望帮助不良政府、不良政策下无辜的受害者们。因为只有他们繁荣昌盛，世界才会更加稳定。

美国人民是乐观的人民。像中国一样，美国继承了幅员辽阔的国土，有一望无际的崇山峻岭，沃土良田和无边草原。辽阔的国土使我们能用积极的眼光去看待一切事物，使我们充满希望。

美国人民热爱和平，厌恶战争。我们始终认为战争罪大恶极，是无谓的浪费。我们希望和我们的邻居、朋友和平相处，

美利坚民族还有另外一种特质，宗教信仰和信念对我们来说至关重要。我们的民族有诸多信仰，但是大多数美国人的信仰都源自《圣经》中的摩西，他让一个人从奴隶制中解脱出来;还有耶稣基督，他告诉我们要像爱自己一样爱自己的邻居，想让邻居怎样对待自己就要先那样对待邻居。

这一点也铸造了美利坚民族。我们期待别人好正是基于此。这也是为什么当听说有人不能靠自己的能力生存，时刻处在动荡之中时，我们感到悲痛的原因。

我们欢迎你们多多了解我们，人民之间的友谊就是这样开始的。而人民之间的友谊，是政府之间友谊的基础。

美中两国政府之间的沉默状态已告结束。过去的十二年里，两国人民重新相识。现在我们的关系日益成熟，正是为持久友谊奠定基础的时候。

我们大家都很清楚，有许多因素自然而然地使我们之间产生距离。例如时间和空间、不同的语言和价值观念、不同的文化和历史、截然不同的政治制度。不承认这些差别是愚蠢的，为了友谊而掩盖真相也毫无意义，因为向壁虚构的友谊经受不住这个世界的严峻考验。

但是我们暂时可以把那些描写我们差别的字眼撇在一旁，想一想我们之间的共同点。我们是两个伟大的国家，分处在地球的两边。两国都是朝气蓬勃、力量强大的国家。你们是世界上人口最多的国家，我们是世界上技术最发达的国家。两国都在地球上自己的一边发挥着特殊的作用。

中美两国之间存在着一种均势平衡。你们当中的理科生可能会欣赏这个词。它代表了一种和谐、特殊的平衡。

早先有一些共同的政治关注将中美联系在一起，并在一些重大问题上双方达成一致。中美两国都反对非法残忍占领柬埔寨，共同谴责非法入侵阿富汗，共同出资保持朝鲜半岛的稳定，保证世界这一地区的和平。

中美两国都不是领土扩张主义者。我们对中国乃至世界各国的土地都没有扩张的欲望。我们也没有挑战你们的国界，没有引起你们的担忧。事实上，中美两国都尽力武装自己来抵御任何一个有扩张欲望的国家。

美国现在正承担着加大防御力量的重大责任。这是一项耗资的尝试，但是我们会以此来保证和平，要知道强大的美国是自身独立和他国安全的保证。

美中两国都拥有大量的人力资源和人才。只要我们通力合作，什么样的奇迹都能创造出来!

十二年来，美中两国领导曾就一系列问题举行过多次会谈。我们常常达成一致意见，即使不能达成一致意见，我们也能加深对彼此的认识，理解对方对世界事务的看法。

这种进程会继续下去，假使我们铭记历史，必将蓬勃发展。我们既不要忽视双方之间的问题，也不要夸大这些问题;既不要夸大困难，也无需小题大做。我们必须记得，回避朋友的好意是很微妙的事，当我们不得不这样做的时候，我们必须相互理解。

我希望当人们回顾历史上两国关系这一新篇章时，将不会忘记今天的情景。美国和中国为加强我们之间的纽带，为两国人民享有更高度的繁荣而合作，为争取世界更可靠和公正的和平，曾接受过时代的挑战。

复旦大学的学生，中国和美国所有大学的学者，肩负着两国未来的重任。今后几十年里，世界将需要你们这些人相互谅解，发挥才能。今天的领袖可以为未来铺平道路，这是我们的责任。但是未来终归要由年青的一代来创造。至于个人之间的持久友谊能不能弥合上下辈之间、国与国之间的分歧，就取决于你们了。世界的希望就寄托在这种友谊之上。

周恩来年轻的时候曾为一位准备出洋留学的同窗写过一首送别诗。他很钦佩他的同学争挑重任，负笈远行。他也十分珍惜他们之间的崇高友情。诗的结尾写道：

“险夷不变应尝胆，

道义争担敢息肩。

待得归农功满日，

它年预卜买邻钱。”

让我们像近邻一样生活在一起吧。

有机会在这里向大家讲话，在这个对两国都具有重要意义的城市同大家见面，我感到十分高兴。上海是一个学术之城，一个知识之城。上海历来是你们通向西方之窗，也是我们两国发表公报，始建新友谊的地方。长江是世界的大河之一，它波浪滚滚经上海流入东海，东海同太平洋汇合，太平洋的波涛汹涌，直达美国西海岸。

青年朋友们，历史是一条长河，它用波浪裹挟着我们。但是我们可以驾船航行，选择方向，同舟共济。风高潮急，一次富有成果的远行正在等待着我们。

我们的子孙后代会感谢我们开始的这段旅程，感谢我们推动了彼此的进步，避免了秦皇陵墓中被埋葬的军队那样的命运，那些矗立了几个世纪的将士凝固在时光里，凝结着无名的仇恨。

我们已经作出了选择。我们将继续我们新的旅程，但愿我们一路顺风，永远生活在友谊与和平之中。

谢谢你们!