外事接待英语 Chapter 9

[00:00.00]Chapter 9 [00:01.72]Dynasties in History [00:03.87]In this unit, you will [00:05.69]practise giving information about the dynasties and history of China, [00:10.76]review the use of time prepositions,a use of passive voice,and the causative verb, [00:19.33]learn one way to change verbs to nouns, five ways to change nouns to verb [00:26.46]and the -ing form of the verb, [00:29.83]expand your vocabulary in the areas of scholars, belief systems, and government officials. [00:38.43]Part 1 [00:40.07]Pre-listening Exercises [00:42.89]Exercises 1(b) [00:46.13]dynasti [00:47.80]histo [00:49.21]civilizati [00:51.15]probab [00:52.51]schola [00:54.39]agr [00:55.82]historia [00:57.73]descend [00:59.53]cultu [01:00.71]lacquer [01:02.07]potte [01:03.61]writi [01:04.76]syst [01:05.99]recor [01:07.29]orac [01:08.78]bon [01:10.14]Exercises 2(b) [01:12.88]should [01:14.40]blad [01:16.04]pi [01:17.51]characte [01:19.39]scratch [01:21.06]telli [01:22.63]futu [01:24.35]exist [01:25.84]advanc [01:27.51]bron [01:29.13]met [01:30.36]worke [01:32.16]Comprehension Exercises [01:34.98]Exercises 3(b) [01:38.06]Guest:This is my first visit to China, and I'd like to learn more about your histor [01:44.62]What are the main dynasties I should know about? [01:48.09]Host:Well, China has a very long history. Our civilization is probably the oldest in the worl [01:57.52]Most of our scholars agree that the first dynasty was the Xia about 2200 to 1750 B. [02:08.86]Historians think the Xia descended from the Longshan culture in the Yellow River Valle [02:17.12]They made beautiful black-lacquered pottery. [02:20.96]Guest:Did they invent your writing system? [02:24.04]Host:Scholars think the Xia dynasty had a writing system, but the best records are from the Shang dynast [02:33.86]Have you heard about the Shang oracle bones? The bones were the shoulder blades of pigs and had Chinese characters scratched on the [02:45.09]The bones were used for telling the future. The Shang dynasty existed between about 1700 and 1000 B. [02:57.27]Its people were very advanced bronze metal workers. [03:02.57]Pronunciation Exercises [03:05.44]Exercises 4(b) [03:08.47]a very long histo [03:11.35]probably the oldest in the wor [03:14.74]Most of our scholars agr [03:18.03]the first dynas [03:20.54]descended from the Longshan cultu [03:24.20]black-lacquered potte [03:27.02]a writing syst [03:29.32]Chinese characters scratched on th [03:32.95]telling the futu [03:35.22]between about 1700 and 1000 B. [03:40.60]very advanced bronze metal worke [03:44.63]the best recor [03:46.98]Shang oracle bon [03:49.80]the shoulder blades of pi [03:53.12]Exercises 5(b) [03:55.86]China has a very long history. [03:59.18]Our history is probably the oldest in the world. [04:02.96]Most of our scholars agree. [04:05.34]The first dynasty was the Xia. [04:08.22]The Xia descended from the Longshan culture. [04:11.85]They made beautiful black-lacquered pottery. [04:15.45]Scholars think the Xia dynasty had a writing system. [04:19.84]The best records are from the Shang dynasty. [04:23.50]Have you heard about the Shang oracle bones? [04:27.10]The bones had Chinese characters scratched on them. [04:31.07]The bones were used for telling the future. [04:34.99]People of the Shang dynasty were very advanced bronze metal workers. [04:40.40]Consolidation Exercises [04:43.43]Exercises 6. [04:45.73]Guest:This is my first visit to China, and I'd like to learn more about your histor [04:50.77]What are the main dynasties I should know about? [04:53.88]Host:Well, China has a very long history. Our civilization is probably the oldest in the worl [05:01.01]Most of our scholars argee that the first dynasty was the Xia about 2200 to 1750 B. [05:09.13]Historians think the Xia descended from the Longshan culture in the Yellow River Valley [05:15.87]They made beautiful black-lacquered pottery. [05:19.48]Guest:Did they invent your writing system? [05:22.04]Host:Scholars think the Xia dynasty had a writing system, but the best records are from the Shang dynast [05:29.82]Have you heard about the Shang oracle bone [05:32.93]The bones were the shoulder blades of pigs and had Chinese characters scratched on the [05:38.91]The bones were used for telling the future [05:42.02]The Shang dynasty existed between about 1700 and 1000 B.C [05:47.95]Its people were very advanced bronze metal workers. [05:52.24]Exercises 7(b) [05:54.80]1)Our civilization is probably the oldest in the world. [06:01.25]2)Most of our scholars agree that the first dynasty was the Xia. [06:07.93]3)Historians think the Xia descended from the Longshan. [06:13.34]4)The best records are from the Shang dynasty. [06:18.07]5)Have you heard about the oracle bones? [06:23.06]6)The bones had Chinese characters scratched on them. [06:28.62]7)The bones were used for telling the future. [06:33.06]Expansion Exercises [06:35.83]Vocabulary Development [06:38.24]Exercises 8(b) [06:41.14]philosoph [06:43.17]po [06:44.56]lingui [06:46.13]archaeologi [06:48.11]geograph [06:49.86]mathematici [06:51.53]chemi [06:52.81]sociologi [06:54.62]astronom [06:56.44]anthropologi [06:58.77]physici [07:00.55]political scienti [07:02.58]Exercises 9(b) [07:05.59]civilize civilization [07:09.74]colonize colonization [07:13.42]categorize categorization [07:17.89]formalize formalization [07:21.97]infustrialize industrialization [07:26.90]legalize legalization [07:30.69]normalize normalization [07:35.29]rationalize rationalization [07:39.99]systemize systemization [07:44.51]standardize standardization [07:48.92]desce [07:50.81]descende [07:52.45]asce [07:54.36]ascende [07:56.26]depe [07:57.83]depende [07:59.50]conte [08:01.44]contende [08:03.61]Part 2 [08:05.30]Pre-listening Exercises [08:07.71]Exercises 1(b) [08:10.32]ne [08:11.73]gain [08:13.06]pow [08:14.63]ov [08:16.20]secti [08:17.53]pea [08:18.86]stabili [08:20.66]midd [08:22.00]numb [08:23.22]rul [08:24.71]principaliti [08:26.49]defeat [08:27.98]ar [08:29.21]barbaria [08:31.03]peri [08:32.13]last [08:33.62]ti [08:35.03]beli [08:36.39]la [08:38.01]legali [08:39.78]Exercises 2(b) [08:43.23]gove [08:44.75]divid [08:46.34]ju [08:47.80]perfect [08:49.50]administrati [08:51.83]ethn [08:53.37]extend [08:54.99]boundari [08:57.05]be [08:58.46]kno [08:59.98]reputati [09:02.25]brillia [09:04.05]ni [09:05.83]civ [09:07.16]w [09:08.52]destroy [09:10.35]mode [09:11.94]creat [09:13.51]Comprehension Exercises [09:16.09]Exercises 3(b) [09:19.07]Guest:Who came next? [09:20.85]Host:The Western Zhou dynasty gained power over the Shang in a section of the Yellow River Valley and kept peace and stability for hundreds of year [09:30.70]The Zhou were located in the middle of a number of principalities [09:36.50]That's where we get the name - the Middle Kingdom. In 771 B.C [09:44.62]the Zhou were defeated by an army of barbarians from the west of Chin [09:51.18]They moved east and became the Eastern Zhou. [09:55.36]The period of the Eastern Zhou lasted until about 221 B.C. It is often known as the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Perio [10:09.15]That was the time when Daoism grew as a belie [10:13.83]It was the time of Confucius. And, it was the time in history when Chinese Legalism gre [10:23.15]The Legalists created a set of laws to help govern a very divided China. [10:30.52]In 221 B.C., the Qin Dynasty was established. China was unified as on [10:39.71]Under the Qin rulers, the Great Wall was built, and the country began to adopt a uniform system of writing, money and measurement. [10:52.56]Guest:What about the more modern dynasties? [10:55.75]Host:If we jump a few hundred years we get to the Han dynasty about 206 B. [11:03.95]to 220 A.D. This dynasty was very important in Chinese histor [11:11.71]They perfected an administrative system that was continued by every other dynasty in the history of the countr [11:21.25]The Han became the largest and most important ethnic group in China. [11:26.89]Guest:I've heard a lot about the Tang dynasty. Why were they so important? [11:32.32]Host:Our historians think the Tang were probably just as important as the Ha [11:39.22]The Tang extended China's boundaries north to Siberia and to Korea in the eas [11:46.51]I think one of the best known rulers of the dynasty was the Empress Wu [11:53.19]She has a reputation for being brilliant, but not a very nice perso [12:01.24]The Tangs lost power because of a civil war that destroyed the dynasty. [12:07.51]Pronunciation Exercises [12:10.25]Exercises 4(b) [12:13.41]gained power over the Sha [12:16.65]in a secti [12:18.48]kept peace and stabili [12:21.75]an army of Barbaria [12:25.22]lasted until about 221 B. [12:29.40]as a beli [12:31.41]time of Confuci [12:34.26]the time in histo [12:36.56]a set of la [12:39.01]a very divided Chi [12:41.94]jump a few hundred yea [12:45.36]an administrative syst [12:48.47]by every other dynas [12:51.68]the history of the count [12:54.74]the largest and most importan [12:58.11]ethnic gro [13:00.02]just as important as the H [13:03.20]one of the best known rule [13:06.13]a reputation for being brillia [13:09.58]a very nice pers [13:12.19]lost pow [13:14.17]because of a civil w [13:16.94]Exercises 5(b) [13:20.31]The Western Zhou dynasty gained power over the Shang. [13:24.49]The Zhou kept peace and stability for hundreds of years. [13:29.06]The Zhou were located in the middle of a number of principalities. [13:34.11]The Zhou were defeated by an army of Barbarians. [13:38.15]The Eastern Zhou lasted until about 221 B.C. [13:43.48]Daoism grew as a belief. [13:46.41]It was also the time of Confucius. [13:50.01]It was the time in history when Chinese Legalism grew. [13:55.00]The Legalists created a set of laws to help govern China. [14:00.46]If we jump a few hundred years we get to the Han dynasty. [14:05.64]The Han perfected an administrative system. [14:09.58]The system was continued by every other dynasty in the history of the country. [14:16.06]The Han became the largest and most important ethnic group. [14:20.81]The Tang extended China's boundaries. [14:24.47]One of the best known rulers was the Empress Wu. [14:28.86]She had a reputation for being brilliant. [14:32.33]The Tang lost power because of a civil war. [14:36.51]Consolidation Exercises [14:39.36]Exercises 6. [14:41.40]Guest:Who came next? [14:43.36]Host:The Western Zhou gained power over the Shang in a section of the Yellow River Valley and kept peace and stability for hundreds of year [14:53.05]The Zhou were located in the middle of a number of principalities and ruled over those principalitie [14:59.94]That's where we get the name - the Middle Kingdom. In 771 B.C [15:06.19]the Zhou were defeated by an army of barbarians from the west of Chin [15:11.23]They moved east and became the Eastern Zhou. [15:14.44]The period of the Eastern Zhou lasted until about 221 B.C. It is often known as the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Perio [15:25.52]That was the time when Daoism grew as a belief. It was the time of Confuciu [15:31.58]And, it was the time in history when Chinese Legalism grew [15:36.20]The Legalists created a set of laws to help govern a very divided China. [15:41.95]In 221 B.C., the Qin Dynasty was establishe [15:47.41]China was unified as one. Under the Qin rulers [15:51.69]the Great Wall was built, and the country began to adopt a uniform system of writin [15:57.34]money and measurement. [15:59.63]Guest:What about the more modern dynasties? [16:02.51]Host:If we jump a few hundred years we get to the Han dynasty about 206 B.C. to 220 A. [16:10.71]This dynasty was very important in Chinese history. They perfected an administrative system that was continued by every other dynasty in the history of the countr [16:22.39]The Han became the largest and most important ethnic group in China. [16:27.01]Guest:I've heard a lot about the Tang dynasty.Why were they so importan [16:32.44]The Tang extended China's boundaries north to Siberia and to Korea in the eas [16:38.48]I think one of the best known rulers of the dynasty was the Empress W [16:43.08]She has a reputation for being brillian [16:46.29]but not a very nice perso [16:48.98]The Tangs lost power because of a civil war that destroyed the dynasty. [16:54.57]Exercises 7(b) [16:58.07]1)They kept peace and stability for hundreds of years. [17:03.84]2)The Zhou were in the middle of a number of principalities. [17:09.98]3)The Zhou were defeated by an army of Barbarians. [17:15.83]4)The period of the Eastern Zhou lasted until 220 B.C. [17:21.84]5)Daoism grew as a belief. [17:25.71]6)They perfected an administrative system. [17:30.78]7)The Han became the most important ethnic group. [17:36.18]8)She has a reputation for being brilliant. [17:41.56]Expansion Exercises [17:44.39]Exercises 8(b) [17:46.95]Buddhi [17:48.28]Hindui [17:49.74]Shintoi [17:51.23]Isl [17:52.46]Judai [17:53.71]Christiani [17:55.49]Mystici [17:57.34]Catholici [17:58.96]Lamai [18:00.61]Shamani [18:02.20]Animi [18:03.48]Panthei [18:05.00]Word Building [18:06.54]Exercises 9(b) [18:09.62]power [18:11.03]powerful [18:12.70]powerless [18:14.74]ca [18:16.18]caref [18:17.56]carele [18:19.34]he [18:20.62]helpf [18:22.11]helple [18:23.73]thoug [18:25.19]thoughtf [18:26.73]thoughtle [18:28.59]ta [18:29.84]tactf [18:31.56]tactle [18:33.29]us [18:34.72]usef [18:35.95]usele [18:37.57]ha [18:38.88]harmf [18:40.42]harmle [18:41.88]shame [18:43.21]shameful [18:45.02]shameless [18:46.69]colo [18:47.86]colourf [18:49.30]colourle [18:51.23]Part 3 [18:53.14]Pre-listening Exercises [18:55.94]Exercises 1(b) [18:59.20]real [19:00.59]occupati [19:02.41]used [19:03.98]t [19:04.97]officia [19:06.83]ope [19:08.24]invent [19:09.99]follow [19:11.24]cru [19:12.86]pret [19:13.93]Exercises 2(b) [19:16.81]b [19:18.22]execut [19:19.84]prime minist [19:22.16]plotti [19:23.73]again [19:25.35]chang [19:27.15]mov [19:28.67]emper [19:30.05]fortifi [19:31.93]on [19:33.81]rememb [19:35.75]la [19:37.34]last [19:38.93]elder [19:40.66]reca [19:42.33]gradu [19:43.92]decli [19:45.75]rebellio [19:47.92]happen [19:49.38]forei [19:50.72]Comprehension Exercises [19:53.56]Exercises 3(b) [19:57.19]Guest:What about the Mongols? [19:59.91]Host:The Mongols were not really a dynasty, but they called themselves the Yuan dynast [20:07.85]They were really an occupation government. They used the Mongol language and many top government officials were Mongol [20:18.35]Everyone knows Khubilai Khan who had the Grand Canal extende [20:25.12]The Peking Opera was invented in this period. The Ming dynasty followed the Mongols. [20:33.03]Guest:Were the Ming rulers really cruel? [20:36.22]Host:Well, yes. Some of them were pretty bad [20:40.98]The first Emperor had 40,000 people executed because his own prime minister was plotting against hi [20:50.67]But the Ming made a lot of changes. They unified China and moved the capital to Beijin [20:58.92]and they fortified the Great Wall. They were the ones who built the Forbidden City. [21:06.31]Guest:Do many modern Chinese people remember the last of the Manchu dynasty? [21:11.64]Host:Yes. That dynasty lasted until 1911, so very elderly people might recall the last day [21:21.75]The Manchu period saw the gradual decline of dynastic Chin [21:27.92]There were a number of rebellions, including the famous Boxer Rebellio [21:34.42]The Opium Wars happened in this dynastic period, to [21:39.91]The last of the Manchu period was also the time when a lot of foreign countries forced their way into Chin [21:48.89]Hong Kong was leased to Britain at that tim [21:52.86]Since 1911 many things have changed here in China. [21:57.88]Pronunciation Exercises [22:00.73]Exercises 4(b) [22:03.73]not really a dynas [22:06.87]an occupation governme [22:10.00]government officia [22:12.93]was invented in this peri [22:16.40]followed the Mongo [22:18.54]some of them were pretty b [22:22.12]had 40,000 people execut [22:26.67]his own prime minist [22:29.41]plotting against h [22:32.05]made a lot of chang [22:35.13]moved the capital to Beiji [22:38.76]fortified the Great Wa [22:41.79]lasted until 19 [22:45.19]very elderly peop [22:47.85]recall the last da [22:51.19]the gradual decli [22:53.81]a number of rebellio [22:56.76]the famous Boxer Rebelli [22:59.89]a lot of foreign countri [23:03.42]was leased to Brita [23:05.95]Exercises 5(b) [23:08.67]The Mongols were not really a dynasty. [23:12.28]They were really an occupation government. [23:15.70]Many top government officials were Mongols. [23:19.30]Every knows Khubilai Khan. [23:22.20]The Ming dynasty followed the Mongols. [23:25.21]Some of them were pretty ba [23:27.84]The first Ming Emperor had 40,000 people executed. [23:32.99]His own prime minister was plotting against him. [23:36.54]The Mings made a lot of changes. [23:39.60]They moved the capital to Beijing. [23:42.50]They fortified the Great Wall. [23:45.58]They built the Forbidden City. [23:48.38]The Manchu dynasty lasted until 1911. [23:53.05]Very elderly people might recall the last days. [23:58.43]The Manchu saw the gradual decline of dynastic China. [24:03.87]There were a number of rebellions. [24:06.71]A lot of foreign countries forced their way into China. [24:12.02]Hong Kong was leased to Britain at that time. [24:16.82]Since 1991 many things have changed here in China. [24:22.41]Consolidation Exercises [24:25.10]Exercises 6. [24:27.30]Guest:What about the Mongols? [24:29.18]Host:The Mongols were not really a dynasty, but they called themselves the Yuan dynast [24:36.23]They were really an occupation government [24:39.55]They used the Mongol language and many top government officials were Mongol [24:45.30]Everyone knows Khubilai Khan who had the Grand Canal extende [24:50.89]The Peking Opera was invented in this period. The Ming dynasty followed the Mongols. [24:57.76]Guest:Were the Ming rulers really cruel? [25:00.34]Host:Well, yes. Some of them were pretty bad. The first Ming Emperor had 40,000 people executed because his own prime minister was plotting against hi [25:12.10]But the Mings made a lot of changes. They unified China and moved the capital to Beijin [25:19.26]and they fortified the Great Wall. They were the ones who built the Forbidden City. [25:25.34]Guest:Do many modern Chinese people remember the last of the Manchu dynasty? [25:30.70]Host:Yes. That dynasty lasted until 1911, so very elderly people might recall the last day [25:38.85]The Manchu period saw the gradual decline of dynastic Chin [25:43.84]There were a number of rebellions, including the famous Boxer Rebellio [25:48.96]The Opium Wars happened in this dynastic period, too [25:53.42]The last of the Manchu period was also the time when a lot of foreign countries forced their way into Chin [26:00.53]Hong Kong was leased to Britain at that time. Since 1911 many things have changed here in China. [26:08.55]Exercises 7(b) [26:11.53]1)They were really an occupation government. [26:16.28]2)Many top government officials were Mongols. [26:21.24]3)The Ming dynasty followed the Mongols. [26:25.84]4)The first Ming Emperor had 40,000 people executed. [26:32.29]5)They fortified the Great Wall. [26:36.03]6)That dynasty lasted until 1911. [26:41.75]7)Elderly people might recall the last days. [26:47.39]8)There were a number of rebellions. [26:52.30]Expansion Exercises [26:55.33]Vocabulary Development [26:57.89]Exercises 8(b) [27:01.19]minist [27:02.94]advis [27:04.53]assista [27:05.99]bureaucr [27:07.46]secreta [27:09.02]diplom [27:10.59]deputy minist [27:12.52]cons [27:13.93]audit [27:15.48]manag [27:16.68]supervis [27:18.58]ambassad [27:20.62]direct [27:22.40]consulta [27:24.10]under-secreta [27:26.19]cle [27:27.83]Word Building [27:29.82]governi [27:31.54]governi [27:33.03]inventi [27:34.62]inventi [27:36.35]fortifyi [27:38.10]fortifyi [27:40.01]plotti [27:41.62]plotti [27:43.04]happeni [27:44.84]happeni [27:46.51]thinki [27:48.18]thinki [27:49.70]changi [27:51.42]changi [27:53.07]followi [27:54.42]followi [27:55.94]writi [27:57.61]writi [27:59.36]ruli [28:00.77]ruli [28:02.39]heari [28:03.99]heari [28:05.71]Listening Test [28:07.67]1.Most of our scholars agree that the first dynasty was the Xia. [28:14.20]2.Historians think the Xia descended from the Longshan culture. [28:19.69]3.Scholars think the Xia dynasty created a writing system. [28:27.13]4.The Zhou were located in a number of middle principalities. [28:32.72]5.Daoism was a belief in the Zhou period. [28:38.26]6.The Zhou were defeated by the barbarians from the west. [28:44.42]7.If we jump for a few hundred years we get to the Han dynasty. [28:51.24]8.The Tang were probably not important to the Han. [28:56.57]9.One of the best rulers of the dynasty was the Empress Wu. [29:02.97]10.Elderly people might recall the last days.

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