新概念英语第二册详解第40课:Food and talk
进餐与交谈
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Was Mrs. Rumbold a good companion at dinner?
Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.
'A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,' I said. 'Will you be seeing it?'
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
'Will you be staying in England?' I asked.
'No,' she answered.
In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.
'Young man,' she answered, 'if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!"
New words and expressions 生词和短语
hostess n. 女主人
unsmiling adj. 不笑的，严肃的
tight adj. 紧身的
fix v. 凝视
globe n. 地球
despair n. 绝望
参考译文
在上星期的一次宴会上，女主人安排我坐在兰伯尔德夫人的身旁。兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人，穿一件紧身的黑衣服。当我在她身旁坐下来的时候，她甚至连头都没有抬一下。她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子，不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。我试图找个话题和她聊聊。
“一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’上演了，”我说，“您去看吗?”
“不，”她回答。
“您今年去国外度假吗?”我又问。
“不，”她回答。
“您就呆在英国吗?”我问。
“不，”她回答。
失望之中我问她饭是否吃得满意。
“年轻人，”她回答说，“如果你多吃点，少说点，我们两个都会吃得好的!”
自学导读
1.next to, 挨着。
它既可以表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着：
Who was the man sitting next to you during the meeting?
开会时坐在你旁边的那人是谁?
There's a field/shop next to our house.
我们家房子边上有一片田野/一个商店。
2.Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress.兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人，穿一件紧身的黑衣服。
(1)unsmiling的反义词为smiling(微笑的，喜气洋洋的)。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义：comfortable (舒服的)/uncomfortable(不舒服的)，true(真实的)/untrue(不真实的)， interesting(有趣的)/uninteresting(无趣味的，乏味的)。
(2)in在这里表示“穿着”、“戴着”：
A young man in a blue dress is inquiring for you.
有位穿蓝衣服的小伙子在找您。
3.take one's seat, 在指定的位置上就座。
take a seat表示“坐下”，比sit要正式：
Please take a seat.
请坐。
take one's seat则表示位置事先已安排好：
After everyone had taken his seat, the meeting/dinner party began.
大家各自就座后，会议/宴会便开始了。
4.Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. 她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子，不一会儿就忙着吃起来了。
(1)fix最常用的意思为“使……固定”、“安装”：
she fixed a handle on the door.
她在门上安了个把手。
fix on的含义之一为“使(目光、注意力等)集中于”、“盯着”：
He fixed his eyes on the book, but he couldn't understand a word.
他的眼睛盯着那本书，但他一个字儿也没看懂。
(2)busy+ doing sth.表示“忙着做某事”， doing前可以加 in，也可以不加：
They are busy (in) repairing the car.
他们正忙着修车。
We're all busy getting ready for the performance.
我们都在忙着为演出进行准备。
5.If you ate more and talked less…如果你多吃点，少说点……
在并列句中，相同的句子成分(如主语、谓语、状语等)通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示，并且它们的长度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。在课文中的这句话中ate与talked对应，more与less对应。再如：
You can either go out or stay here.
你出去也行，呆在这里也行。
He wants to buy a lot of things, but he has little money.
他想买的东西很多，但他的钱很少。
语法 Grammar in use
第2类条件句
在第16课的语法中，我们学习了第1类条件句，它谈论将有可能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。它的一般形式如下所示：
You'll miss the train if you don't hurry.
你如果不抓紧时间会误了火车的。(主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时)
第2类条件句的形式与第一类不同，if从句中用一般过去时，谈论想像的情况，主句用would +动词原形，推测想像的结果：
If it rained tomorrow, we'd stay at home.
如果明天下雨，我们将呆在家里。
尽管第2类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”。
第2类条件句有时可以代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。试比较：
不过第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情：
If I had longer legs, I'd be able to run faster.
如果我的腿再长一点儿，我就能跑得更快了。
在最后一个例句中，the weather是单数，按语法规则，在正常的陈述句中它后面应为was而不是were。但在第2类条件句中，were比was更为正式，与真实情况的差别也更大：If he were/was ready, I would go.
如果他准备好了，我就去。
if I were you这种说法经常用于提出建议：
If I were you, I'd accept their offer.
如果我是你，我就接受他们的建议。
词汇学习 Word study
1.make vt., vi.
及物动词make的原义为“制造”，但它经常用于一些固定的结构，最常见的为make +(冠词)+名词形式。因名词的不同其含义也稍有不同：
I tried to make conversation.
我试图找个话题。
If you like, I'll make the beds this morning.
如果你愿意，今天早上我来铺床。
Don't make so much noise when I'm reading.
我看书时你(们)别这么吵闹。
He made a promise that he would return the books in a week.
他保证一星期后将书还回来。
If you make trouble again, I'll send you home.
你如果再捣蛋，我就把你送回家。
He works very hard, but he's made little progrss.
他很刻苦，但他进步甚小。
He makes a lot of money and he also spends a lot.
他挣钱多，花钱也多。
Can you make a speech for our students?
您能为我们的学生演讲一次吗?
I'm sorry to tell you that you've made a big mistake.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你犯了个大错误。
在表示“下定决心”、“拿定王意”时要用词组make up one's mind:
Have you made up your mind to set off tomorrow morning?
你已下定决心要明天早上出发了吗?
2.do vt.
与make一样，完全动词do也可以用于一些固定说法，它的含义比make要更笼统一些：
I had done my best, but I still failed in the exam.
我已经尽力而为了，但我考试还是没及格。
After you've done your homework, you can watch TV.
你做完作业后可以看电视。
Would you please do me a favour?
请帮个忙好吗?
I did a few jobs about the house.
我干了点家务活。
I did a lot of work around the house.
我干了许多家务活。
Can you do any more work today?
你今天还能再干点活吗?
We are asked to do Exercises 2 and 3 of Lesson 10.
我们得做第10课的第2项和第3项练习。
That shop does very good business.
那家商店的生意很好。
do 还可以与动名词连用：
We did all our shopping yesterday.
我们昨天把东西都买了。
I do a lot of swimming.
我常常游泳。
I did some reading this afternoon.
今天下午我读了点书。
练习答案 Key to written exercises
1.关键句型练习答案
1 were 2 tries 3 will burn
4 would have to 5 lost 6 do not apologize
7 were 8 won 9 would not be
10 could
2.难点练习答案
1 made… do 2 does… makes
3 doing…making 4 made…did
3.多项选择题答案
1 c 2 c 3 b 4 c 5 a 6 a
7 c 8 b 9 b 10 b 11b 12 d
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★hostess n. 女主人
actor
actress
host:男主人
host(v.):作为主人,主办
★unsmiling adj. 不笑的，严肃的
★tight adj. 紧身的
tight jeans
★fix v. 凝视,修理,固定
fix one's eyes on
one's eyes be fixed on
★globe n. 地球
global:全球的
★despair n. 绝望
disappoint
in despair
sb./sth.is a despair of...
【课文讲解】
ask sb.to do sth.
next to:与……相邻
be on:放映
用虚拟语气:
1.与现在事实相反,从句使用一般过去时,主句使用would+动词原型
【Key structures】
1.were
2.tries
3.will born
4.would have to
5.lost
6.don't apologize
7.were
8.won
9.would not be
10.could
【Special difficulties】
make progress
do business
1.made...do
2.does...makes
3.doing...making
4.made...did
go shopping do some shopping
【Composition】
She not only refused to answer any question but she did not ask any question either.
but....as well 可以家肯定也可以加否定
but...either只能加否定
2.She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel.
She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel.
3.She liked eating good food but she did not like talking about it.
【Exercises】
4.C
ask.sb.to do sth. 祈使句以动词原型为标志
5.A
sit down
seat一定要加宾语,如果后面没宾语,后面就用seat的被动形式
seat yourself be seated
sit 是主动,没有被动语态,后面不能加宾语
9.B
glance at:扫了一眼, stare at:盯着看 stuck to:粘在...上面
look at ,see, watch
notice:强调的是眼睛的注意,看一些别人不太注意的事情
fix one's eyes on=stare at
I glanced at it but I didn't pick it up.
glimpase of have a glimpse of
sight catch sight of in sight
read:阅读
read loudly,read aloud:汉语中的读
从头来看——look at go through:浏览
12.D
enjoy sth.:表示在后者当中得到了一种享受
sth.amuse/entertain sb. entertainment
enjoy 主语是人 enjoy oneself amuse,entertain后面会加人
