CNN News:什么是脑震荡？

There`s a new CNN documentary premiering this weekend that examines a certain type of brain injury. The program is called, "Big Hits, Broken Dreams," and the host, CNN`s Dr. Sanjay Gupta, explores the impact of concussions on young athletes.

CNN在最近这周推出了一个关于脑部伤害的纪录片。这个项目被称为，大的冲击&破碎的梦。桑吉古普塔教授作为此次项目的主持人对脑震荡对年轻运动员所造成的影响做了详细调查。

It`s a really relevant topic, especially to a lot of you high school football players out there. And I had a chance to talk with Dr. Gupta recently about the symptoms and effects of these injuries.

这确实是一个相对的话题，尤其对很多高中生足球运动员来说。最近我有幸与普塔教授探讨了脑震荡的临床表现症状和影响。

Dr. Sanjay Gupta, can you start for us by just defining exactly what a concussion is?

桑吉古普塔教授，您收先给我们简单介绍一下什么是脑震荡么?

Well, let me say one thing that it`s not. It doesn`t mean you have to lose consciousness. I think that`s a misconception that unless you lose consciousness it`s not a concussion.

首先我要先说明一点，脑震荡并不是代表是去意识。那是一种错误的认识，只要你失去了意识那便不属于脑震荡。

A concussion is a type of brain injury, where basically the -- you have lots of things firing in your brain at any given time. This is a disruption of that, so people feel some altered sensation, altered vision. They may feel like their hearing is in a tin box. They may get numb and they may get confused. So it can be anything as vague as that, but definitely people know it when they have it.

脑震荡是一种脑部受损的疾病，就像有一团火时时刻刻在你脑子里面烧。这是脑震荡所呈现出的一种分裂表现，所以有些脑震荡患者总觉得看到的，感觉到的都不一样。患者所听到的声音都像是从盒子里面发出来的，耳边有嗡嗡的响声。可能伴有麻木思维错乱的症状出现。所以脑震荡可以表现为任何一种模糊不清的症状，可以肯定的是，当你有这些症状的时候，你肯定是患有脑震荡了。

Why is it more dangerous for young people to take big hits than adults?

为什么年轻人患病要比成年人危险呢?

This is a bit counterintuitive, because typically young kids and children are usually more resilient to all sort of injuries. When it comes to the brain, it`s a little bit different, though, and that`s because the brain is still forming, still developing at that age.

这就有点违反常理了。从常理来讲，年轻人和儿童是对外部伤害有一定的抵抗力。但当病情发生在脑部的时候情况有点不同，因为在他们那个年龄，脑部还属于一个发育和成长的阶段。

And what they have found in now some very objective studies is that if you have a lot of these hits as a young person, you create some changes to the brain that can interfere with that development, and lead to lifelong problems, whether it be memory problems, whether it be emotional problems such as depression or anger, but it`s more -- it`s a little bit more pronounced in a young person.

据现在的研究表明，如果一个人在年轻时曾多次受到脑部损伤，那么他的脑部会伴随着他的成长产生出很多负面影响，甚至影响到以后的生活。可能是记忆上的影响，也可能是情感上的影响，例如情绪低落或者愤怒。但是更多，多一些的可能性是发生在年轻人身上。

Concussions are often caused by a shock to the head, so it`s common to see them in contact sports, like football. That`s what Dr. Gupta focused on in this CNN documentary. Part of what he looked at is how scientists are studying these injuries and working to prevent them.

脑震荡通常由头部受到撞击引起，所以发生在运动员身上是非常普遍的现象，比如说足球。这就是桑吉古普塔教授带给我们的信息。视频中我们还可以看到科学家们工作的画面。