CNN News: 骨骼移植手术未来展望

In the U.S., doctors performed almost a million bone graft surgeries every year. Most of the time, they harvest a piece of bone from a patient or a deceased donor, set it where it needs to do and hope it takes hold. But what if there were a way to regenerate from someone`s own cells?

在美国，医生每年大约做1百万个骨头移植手术。大多数情况下，医生们是从病人或者已故的捐赠者身上收获一块骨头，将骨头放置到需要的地方，并希望骨头能够扎根。但是如果可利用人自身的细胞再生骨头呢?

The 206 bones that make up our skeletons give our body strength and structure. There are no extra pieces. That maybe why bone is the most transplanted body part. Worldwide, millions of bone transplant procedures are conducted each year, costing billions, and it doesn`t always work.

我们人类的骨架是由206个骨头构成，这206个骨头支撑我们的身体强度和结构。没有剩余的骨头。这或许就是为什么骨头是最经常被移植的身体部分。世界范围内，每年进行百万次的骨头移植手术，耗资数十亿，但是结果并不尽如人意。

Quite literally, the only way to get human bone even now is to cut if out of a human.

毫不夸张地说，现在获得人类骨骼的唯一方法就是从人类的身体上获取骨骼。

What proposed is to say, take the best thing, which is your own bone. But instead of cutting you a part to get it, it`s to grown your own bone in the lab.

而医生建议，最理想的情况是，骨骼来自于自身。但是并不是从自己身上切割获得骨头，而是在实验室里配植。

In very simple terms, you`ll need a 3D printer, some fat, a cow bone and an incubator. A CT Scan gets the measurements of a patient`s bone, a mold is made from a cow bone strip of all DNA, and then a custom made Petri dish called the bioreactor is 3D-printed.

简单来说，你需要一个3D打印机，一些脂肪，一块牛骨头和一台孵化器。CT扫描获得病人的骨头，模具利用去除DNA的牛骨制成，还有一只定制的培养皿。

The lab extracts stem cells from a patient`s fat, and then turns them in bone cells, which are put on the mold and plug into the bioreactor.

实验室提取干细胞来自患者的脂肪将细胞转化为骨细胞，把它们放在模具并插入生物反应器。

Patients suffering from cancer, trauma or congenital defects won`t need to worry about transplanted bones getting infected, or bodies rejecting them, because the bones would be derived from their own cells.

病人患有癌症、创伤或先天性缺陷不需要担心移植骨感染，或身体拒绝他们,因为这些骨头是来源于自己的细胞。

So far, they`ve only tested the transplants in pigs, but if they can start human clinical trials, Tanden (ph) says they`re just eight years from market.

到目前为止，研究人员只在猪身上进行了移植实验，至于是否可以开始在人身上进行临床实验， Tanden称，还需要几年的时间才能面试。

At what point then would you implant this bone into a human?

在什么时候，骨头可以移植到人体内呢?

We`re hoping to be able to start clinical trials in the next couple of years.我们

希望能够在未来几年内开始临床试验。

Will we ever see a day where you can grow an entire limb?

会不会有一天，我们会可以培植整个肢体呢?

That`s a very exciting day. You know, a lot of people will have to work together to make that happen, because you`d have to grow muscles, skin, nerve bone.

这是一个非常激动人心的一天。很多人必须一起工作来实现它，因为你需要培养肌肉、皮肤、神经骨。

Growing limbs may be far off, but bones are where it all begins.

距离成长的四肢可能还有些遥远，但是骨骼是一切的开端。

It`s really interesting to be seeing it happening in front of our very eyes right now.

看到这一切事情发生在我们眼前，非常的有趣。