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2012年5月翻译资格考试二级笔译真题

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2016年08月24日

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第一部分 英译汉 试题一

The runaway success of Stieg Larsson‟s “Millennium” trilogy suggests that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions, in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in the United States remains a steep uphill struggle.

Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But now, hoping to increase their bminuscule share of the American book market — about 3 percent — foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the publishing fray in the United States.

Increasingly, that campaign is no longer limited to widely spoken languages like French and German. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural institutes and agencies are subsidizing publication of books in English, underwriting the training of translators, encouraging their writers to tour in the United States, submitting to American marketing and promotional techniques they may have previously shunned and exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry.

“We have established this as a strategic objective, a long-term commitment to break through the American market,” said Corina Suteu, who leads the New York branch of the European Union National Institutes for Culture and directs the Romanian Cultural Institute. “For nations in Europe, be they small or large, literature will always be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we recognize that this is the only way we are going to be able to make that literature present in the United States.”

For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in Champaign, Ill., that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia.

The series‟s first book, “Necropolis,” by Boris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has been followed by Andrej Blatnik‟s “You Do Understand,” a rather absurdist but still touching collection of sketches and parables about love and intimacy.

Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and Catalan, and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four books yearly for six years. In each case a financing agency in the host country is subsidizing publication and participating in promotion and marketing in the United States, an effort that can easily require $10,000 or more a book.

参考译文:

斯蒂格·拉森(Stieg Larsson)的《千禧年》三部曲大获成功,至少表明在现代文学翻 译作品中美国读者比较偏爱北欧的侦探小说,但是,其他地区、其他类别的小说要想赢 得美国出版社和读者的青睐难度仍然不小。

外国文化研究所和出版社都知道美国人向来对文学翻译作品不感兴趣,这就是人们 常说的“3%难题”。外国文学翻译作品在美国书市所占份额微不足道,仅为约 3%,为了增 加份额,外国政府和基金会,特别是欧洲处于边缘化的国家现在开始主动出击,加入到 美国出版市场的争夺大战当中。

外国文学翻译作品市场已经不再局限于法语和德语等较大语种,从罗马尼亚到加泰 罗尼亚再到冰岛,各个文化研究机构对本国、本地区文学作品的英译工作给予补贴,对 翻译培训提供支持,鼓励本国、本地区作家游历美国,开始学习曾经不以为然的美国营 销技巧,努力抢占美国出版业中现存的翻译作品市场。

科瑞娜·苏图(Corina Suteu)是欧盟国家文化研究所纽约分部负责人,也是罗马尼亚 文化研究所所长。她说,“我们将征服美国市场作为一个长期战略目标。对于欧洲各国而言,无论国家大小,文学将一直是各国文化的核心要素,我们也认识到,上述举措是让欧洲文学立足美国的必由之路。”

多基出版社(Dalkey Archive Press)是位于伊利诺伊州尚佩恩(Champaign)的一个 出版社,该社规模不大,过去 25 年以来一直专注于外国文学作品的翻译出版工作,今年 在斯洛文尼亚(前南斯拉夫的一个共和国)官方机构的支持之下启动了斯洛文尼亚文学 系列的翻译出版项目。该文学系列的第一部翻译作品是由波利斯·帕赫(Boris Pahor)所 著的《墓葬地》(Necropolis)。这是一部有关二战期间集中营生活的回忆录,读来令人震 撼,有人将该作品与埃利·维瑟尔(Elie Wiesel)和普里莫·莱维(Primo Levi)的有关名 著相提并论。该系列的第二部翻译作品是安德烈·巴拉特尼克(Andrej Blatnik)的《别装 糊涂》 You Do Understand)。这本书主要是讲述爱与亲密关系的随笔和寓言合集,读来虽 荒诞不经,但却感人至深。

多基出版社的希伯来语和加泰罗尼亚语文学作品翻译出版项目以及与瑞士和墨西哥 等国合作的文学作品翻译出版项目有的已经开始实施,有的即将启动。其中,墨西哥的 文学作品翻译出版项目为期 6 年,每年将翻译 4 部作品。上述各翻译出版项目发起国都 有专门的融资机构对翻译出版工作提供补贴支持,并参与在美国的营销宣传活动。每本 书的营销宣传费用至少为 1 万美元。

英译汉试题二

Just east of Argentina‟s Andean foothills, an oil field called the Vaca Muerta — “deadcow” in English — has finally come to life.

In May, the Argentine oil company YPF announced that it had found 150 million barrels of oil in the Patagonian field, and President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner rushed onto national television to praise the discovery as something that could give new impetus to the country‟s long-stagnant economy.

“The importance of this discovery goes well beyond the volume,” said Sebastián Eskenazi, YPF‟s chief executive, as he announced the find. “The important thing is it is something new: new energy, a new future, new expectations.”

Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca Muerta is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies over the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract oil from shale and other tightly packed rocks.

Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be retrieved.

Argentina certainly has high hopes for shale oil from the southern Patagonian province of Neuquén. The 150 million barrels of recoverable shale oil found in the Vaca Muerta represents an increase of 8 percent in Argentina‟s reserves, and the find was the biggest discovery of oil in the country since the late 1980s.

Oil experts say the Vaca Muerta is probably just a start for Argentina, long a middle-ranked oil producer. Mr. Lynch noted that YPF had explored only 100 square miles out of 5,000 square miles in the whole shale deposit, and other oil companies working in the area had not announced any discoveries yet.

So far, nearly all of the oil exploration in the shale fields in Argentina and elsewhere has been pursued with traditional vertical wells. Plans are just beginning for horizontal drilling.

Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale in the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not in the near future.

参考译文:

就在阿根廷安第斯山麓东侧,一个名为瓦卡穆埃尔塔(Vaca Muerta)—英文意为“死 牛”—的油田终于得见天日。

在五月份,阿根廷石油公司 YPF 宣布在巴塔哥尼亚地区发现了储量为 1.5 亿桶的油田,阿根廷总统克里斯蒂娜·费尔南德斯·德基什内尔迅即在国家电视台上进行宣传,称这一发现将会为阿长期陷入停滞的经济注入新的活力。

YPF 公司首席执行官塞巴斯蒂安·埃斯肯纳齐在宣布这一重大发现时说,“这一发现的 重大意义不仅仅在于油田储量巨大,还在于其全“新”性:新能源、新未来、新期待。”

虽然油田开发困难重重,但是地质学家们说,现在石油产业已开始利用先进技术从 油页岩等岩石中提取石油,瓦卡穆埃尔塔油田的发现预示着,在今后二十年全球石油供 应量将有较大增加。

石油专家警告称,地质学家才刚刚开始在全球部分地区开展页岩油田研究工作,所 以目前只能推测页岩油田的储量。现在有关石油地震勘探工作还远未完成,同时,还必 须从地表下数千英尺处提取核心样本进行分析,推断出油气的大致储量。

当然,阿根廷对于巴塔哥尼亚地区南部内乌肯省(Neuquén)的页岩油储量寄予厚望。 瓦卡穆埃尔塔地区 1.5 亿桶的页岩油探明储量将使阿根廷的石油总储量增加 8%,同时该 油田也是阿根廷自 20 世纪 80 年代末以来发现的最大油田。

石油专家们称,瓦卡穆埃尔塔很可能为阿根廷拉开新的序幕。长期以来,阿根廷一 直都是一个中等规模的产油国。林奇(Lynch)先生说,整个页岩油田面积达 5,000 平方 英里,YPF 只是对其中的 100 平方英里进行了勘探,在此油田进行勘探的其他石油公司尚未公布勘探结果。

到目前为止,在阿根廷以及其他国家的页岩油田进行的几乎所有勘探工作使用的都 是传统竖井,有关水平钻井的方案才刚刚开始制定。

有些专家警告称,美国页岩油田生产取得了快速发展,但这并不意味着其他国家也 能同样获得成功,至少在近期内不太可能。

第二部分 汉译英 试题一

和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪,人类经历了两次世界大战,生灵涂炭, 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来,世界经济能够快速增长,主要 得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。

我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则,充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商,以和平方式解决国际争端。

我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员,以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全,做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办,坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作,推进国际关系民主化。

我们应该营造支持各国根据本国国情实现和平、稳定、繁荣的国际环境。应该本着求同存异的原则,尊重各国主权和选择发展道路和发展模式的权利,尊重文明多样性, 在交流互鉴、取长补短中相得益彰、共同进步。

官方参考译文:

Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era. We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping,peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.

All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.

We should foster an international environment that supports efforts of countries to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in the light of their national circumstances. We should respect the sovereignty of all countries and their right to choose their development paths and models in keeping with the principle of seeking common ground while shelving differences. And we should respect the diversity of civilizations and pursue common progress through mutual learning and drawing on each other's strength.

其他参考译文:

Peace and stability are what underlies development. Humankind lived through two world wars last century, which inflicted untold human miseries and took a devastating toll on socio-economic development/Last century saw two world wars cause immense human suffering and severe socio-economic setbacks. The fast world economic growth since the end of the Second World War has been driven largely by a relatively peaceful and stable international environment.

We must abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and give full play to the central role of the UN and its Security Council in peacekeeping, peacemaking and peace-building endeavors. We must stand for peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.

We must recognize that all countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community and work to achieve common security in a democratic, inclusive and cooperative spirit. We must ensure that internal affairs of an individual country are handled independently while global affairs are dealt with collectively through consultation. We must steadfastly follow multilateralism and advance international cooperation in ways that make international relations more democratic.

We must work to build an enabling international environment where all countries are well-placed to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in line with their national realities.

We must act in line with the principle of seeking common ground while reserving differences, and respect sovereignty and rights of all individual countries to choose their own development paths and modes. We must embrace diversity of civilizations so that all civilizations can progress together through mutual learning and emulation.

汉译英试题二

1882 年中国第一盏电灯在上海点亮,这使得中国逐渐告别了油灯和蜡烛照明的历史, 当时使用的电灯就是白炽灯,这一用就是 130 年,中国也成为白炽灯的生产和消费大国。

早在 1996 年,中国就启动实施了“绿色照明工程”,中国绿色照明工程的实施,推动 了照明电器行业结构的优化升级和产品质量的整体提升,经过多年努力,中国节能灯产品质量水平日益提高,一些企业产品质量和工艺水平已达到世界领先水平。高效照明产品及技术的日益成熟为逐步淘汰白炽灯提供了重要保障。

中国节能灯的全球市场占有率由 1996 年的 20%提高到 2010 年的 85%。

即使遇到丰收年景,对中国来说,要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人 口仍是一项艰巨的任务。

官方参考译文:(缺)

其他参考译文:

In 1882, China‟s first-ever electric light made its debut in Shanghai, heralding/ushering in a new era when kerosene lamps and illuminating candles as light sources were phased out/were made a thing of the past/were consigned to history. Back then, the one and only electric light source available in China was the incandescent lamp, a device that has been prevalent/dominant in China‟s illumination space/scene/field for 130 years. As such, China has emerged as a leading producer and consumer of incandescents in the world.

China kick-started/initiated/launched the program of “green lighting” /embarked on a campaign encouraging people to go green in lighting as back as (in) 1996. The environment-friendly/eco-sensitive/responsible move/endeavor has served to upgrade the mix of China‟s lighting industry and elevate the overall quality of lighting products. Thanks to years of strong commitments, energy-saving/energy-efficient lamps made in China have moved up the value chain in both quality and workmanship, with some ranking among the best in the world. The ever-improving products and technologies for energy-efficient lighting have made it possible to phase out energy-intensive incandescents in the country./put an end to …

In 2010, 85% of energy-saving lamps available on the global market were made in China, as against merely 20% back in 1996.

China‟s global market share in the energy-saving light space surged from a to b between 1996 and 2010.

In 2010, China accounted for 85% of global supply of energy-saving lamps, a surge from 20% in 1996.


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