直播鼻祖、“哈佛荡妇”：那些曾经的校园话题人物
自从大学开始男女同校那一天起，校园里的女性一直受到仔细打量。然而，唯有在博客和社交媒体出现之后，寻常女孩才会在一夜之间成为轰动一时的话题人物。
Below, a survey of female and non-binary students who got more attention than they bargained for, and how they’ve fared since leaving school.
下面是一项针对女性和非二元性别学生的调查，以及她们离开学校后的状况。这些学生都曾获得超出自身预期的关注。
Jennifer Ringley
詹妮弗·林格尔(Jennifer Ringley)
Age: 41. Alma Mater: Dickinson College. Major: Economics.
年龄：41 母校：迪金森学院 专业：经济学
Controversy: In 1996, Ms. Ringley, then 19, stumbled upon a new technology known as the webcam. As she began exploring its possibilities, she accidentally innovated an entirely new genre of entertainment: one in which ordinary people broadcast their lives to a captive audience of strangers.
争议：1996年，19岁的林格尔偶然发现了一种名为网络摄像头的新技术。当她开始探索其可能性时，一没留神创造出一种全新的娱乐类型：普通人向一群着迷的陌生人播放他们的生活。
Although Ms. Ringley’s project, Jennicam, was low-fi by today’s standards — a still photo set in her dorm room refreshed every 15 minutes — it quickly found an international audience.
虽然以今天的标准来衡量，林格尔的项目詹妮视频(Jennicam)属于低科技了——她放的是自己在宿舍里的静态照片，每15分钟更新一次——很快就获得了国际观众。
Aftermath: Ms. Ringley kept Jennicam going even after she graduated, and as the internet grew, so did her audience. By 1998 she was a full-fledged media darling, appearing on “This American Life” and “The Late Show With David Letterman.”
后果：林格尔大学毕业后，继续在做詹妮视频，随着互联网的发展，她的观众也越来越多。到了1998年，她成为了一个成熟的媒体宠儿，上过《美国生活》和《大卫·莱特曼的深夜秀》节目。
Her fan base grew, and so did commentary on her personal life. When Ms. Ringley began dating a friend’s fiancé, viewers were incensed; The Washington Post declared Ms. Ringley an “amoral man trapper.”
她的粉丝群增长了，她的个人生活也开始被人品头论足。当林格尔开始和朋友的未婚夫约会时，观众被激怒了;《华盛顿邮报》称林格尔是“不道德的男人陷阱”。
In 2003, she shut the site down and vanished from the internet. Although Ms. Ringley has done a few interviews in the intervening years — most notably, a 2014 interview with the podcast “Reply All” — she has largely shunned public attention, even as the personal transparency she pioneered has become more mainstream.
2003年，她关闭了网站，从互联网上消失了。虽然这些年做了一些采访——最值得注意的是2014年播客“回复所有(Reply All)”的采访——她基本避开了公众的关注，尽管她所开创的个人透明度已变得越来越主流。
Lena Chen 陈莉娜(Lena Chen)
Age: 30. Alma Mater: Harvard University. Major: Sociology.
年龄：30岁 母校：哈佛大学 专业：社会学
Controversy: Ms. Chen began blogging about her sex life at Sex and the Ivy in the summer of 2006, right before the start of her sophomore year at Harvard, intending to share her thoughts and experiences with her friends.
争议：2006年夏天，就在陈莉娜念哈佛二年级之前，她开始在《性与常春藤》上写性生活博客，打算跟朋友们分享自己的想法和经历。
Ms. Chen soon found herself a celebrity, not just on the Harvard campus, but also across the broader collegiate landscape, as the defunct IvyGateBlog transformed her into a character the site’s writers often referred to as their “best frenemy.” In 2008, an ex-boyfriend published naked photos of her online, seemingly earning more spectators than sympathy.
她发现自己很快就成了名人，不仅是在哈佛的校园，还跨越了大学间的藩篱。今天已经不复存在的IvyGateBlog将她变成了一个角色，被该网站的作者经常拿来称之为“最好的友敌”。2008年，她的前男友在网上发布了她的裸照，这似乎没有为她带来多少同情，而是更多的观众。
Aftermath: After the leak, Ms. Chen took a year off from college to attend to her mental health. Years after shuttering Sex and the Ivy, she said, she was plagued by a stalker who relentlessly harassed her and other online acquaintances. In 2013, she decided to leave Boston and start a new life in Berlin, intending to research a novel.
后果：照片泄漏事件发生后，陈莉娜休学一年，照顾自己的心理健康。她说，在关闭《性与常春藤》之后的几年里，她一直受到一个跟踪者的困扰，那个人不停地骚扰她以及其他的网友。2013年，她决定离开波士顿，在柏林开始新的生活，同时打算为一部小说做研究准备工作。
Ms. Chen adopted the name Elle Peril and stopped telling people about her past. She abandoned her writing career and started working as a nude model for artists and photographers.
陈莉娜改名艾尔·佩里尔，不再跟别人说起自己的过去。她放弃了写作生涯，开始为艺术家和摄影师当裸体模特。
“It was really liberating in the beginning,” Ms. Chen said in an interview, but eventually a paranoia familiar from her college days returned, including a fantasy that she was being followed by government agents.
她在一次采访中说，“一开始真的是解脱感”，但后来，她大学时代就有的多疑症又发作了，包括怀疑自己被政府特工跟踪。
Ms. Chen eventually said goodbye to her alter ego with a Berlin art show that featured the photos and journal entries from her time as Elle Peril alongside IvyGate articles and documentations the traumas she had experienced as Lena Chen. Ms. Chen said she has been able to fully process and move on from her days as “the Harvard harlot.” She now spends her time curating art shows and events focused on helping other women heal from trauma.
最后，陈莉娜通过在都柏林举办一个艺术展，向她的另一个自我挥别。那次展览展出了她在化名艾尔·佩里尔期间拍摄的照片和写的日记，还有IvyGate时期的那些文章和文件，它们记录了她作为陈莉娜所经历的创伤。她说，自己已经从“哈佛荡妇”的日子中走出，可以完全坦然地审视那段日子，继续向前。现在，她把时间花在艺术策展，以及专门帮助其他女性治愈创伤的活动上。
Aliza Shvarts
阿莉扎·施瓦茨(Aliza Shvarts)
Age: 32. Alma Mater: Yale University. Major: Art.
年龄：32岁 母校：耶鲁大学 专业：艺术
Controversy: As an undergraduate, Ms. Shvarts embarked on a monthslong performance art project during which she said she inseminated herself with semen donated by men she termed “fabricators,” then triggered menstruation (or, possibly, miscarriage) with an herbal abortifacient.
争议：还是一名本科生时，施瓦茨开始了一个为期一个月的行为艺术计划。她说，在这个计划中，她用被她称之为“捏造者”的男性捐献的精液给自己受精，然后用一种草本堕胎药引发月经(或者可能是流产)。
Though Ms. Shvarts intended her project to be an exploration of the female reproductive system and a commentary on the art world’s gender dynamics, not all media outlets saw the nuance. Interest in Ms. Shvarts’s “abortion art” died down shortly after the Yale administration released a statement dismissing Ms. Shvarts’s project as a “creative fiction,” a label she has always rejected.
尽管施瓦茨的本意是用这个项目来探索女性生殖系统，以及对艺术界中性别动态作出评论，但并非所有媒体都看到了其中的细微差别。耶鲁校方发表声明否定了她的项目，将其称为“创意性的编造作品”——这是她一直拒绝接受的一个标签——后不久，人们对施瓦茨的“堕胎艺术”的兴趣就消退了。
Aftermath: Ms. Shvarts graduated from Yale a few weeks after captivating the blogosphere and believes the attention hurt her chances at finding an internship or placement in graduate school. One program administrator, she recounted, “asked me if I was sorry for what I did to Yale. I said no. Shortly after, I got the news that I was rejected.” 后果：施瓦茨在博客圈引起关注几周后就从耶鲁大学毕业了，她认为这种关注损害了她在研究生院找到实习或工作的机会。她回忆道，一个项目负责人“问我是否为我对耶鲁的所作所为感到抱歉。我说没有。不久之后，我收到了被拒绝的消息。”
A daughter of immigrants who had attended college on a full scholarship, Ms. Shvarts began to fear that she’d “lost the elite world that Yale had delivered me into.” Then she was admitted to a Ph.D. program at New York University.
施瓦茨是移民的女儿，用全额奖学金读大学，她开始担心自己“失去了耶鲁带我进入的精英世界”。后来她被纽约大学(New York University)的博士项目录取。
Still, Ms. Shvarts said in an interview, she feels routinely expected to answer for the actions of her college self — or the version of it depicted in the media. “It’s not about me, it’s not about my work, it’s not any engagement with my work,” she said.
尽管如此，施瓦茨在一次采访中说，她觉得她常常被要求对自己在大学时的行为——或者说媒体描述的行为——负责。她说：“这与我无关，与我的作品无关，也不是与我的作品的交流。”
The tension between who Ms. Shvarts is and what she is known for has been explored in much of the art that she has produced over the past 10 years. Displayed at New Haven’s ArtspaceOne this past spring, one piece in particular, “How Does It Feel to Be a Fiction?” invited viewers to consider the boundaries between real and the fake. An earlier iteration appeared in the fall of 2016 as part of an exhibition exploring the question of fake news.
过去10年以来，她用自己创作的很多艺术作品探索了施瓦茨是谁，她以什么为人所知之间的紧张关系。今年春天在纽黑文的艺术空间一号(ArtspaceOne)展出的作品中，一个名为《成为一个编造作品的感觉如何?》(How Does It Feel to Be a Fiction?)的作品邀请观众思考真实和虚假的界线。2016年秋，她这个作品的早期版本出现在了一个探索假新闻问题的展览上。
While others artists explored the way “fake news” had been used to achieve large-scale political ends, Ms. Shvarts examined the way media is often used to silence and invalidate marginalized experiences. “Some of us live as fake news,” she said, noting that her experience as an object of media fascination increased her empathy for those whose stories are inaccurately depicted.
当其他艺术家探索了“假新闻”被用来实现大规模政治目的的方式，施瓦茨研究了媒体经常被用来使边缘化体验变得沉默和无价值的方式。“我们中的一些人像假新闻一样地活着，”她说，并指出她作为媒体关注对象的经历，让她对那些人生经历被不准确地描述的人感到更加同情。
Ms. Shvarts describes her New Haven exhibition as “an act of closure.” In addition to showcasing a selection of works she has created over the past decade, it also featured elements of the unseen art piece that initially brought her attention. 施瓦茨把她在纽黑文的展览描述为“一个终结”。除了展示她在过去十年创作的一系列作品以外，展览还展示了那个最初让她受到关注的未示人作品的许多元素。
Karen Owen
凯伦·欧文(Karen Owen)
Age: 30. Alma Mater: Duke University. Major: History.
年龄：30岁 母校：杜克大学 专业：历史
Controversy: At the end of her time at Duke, Ms. Owen decided to pass on some of her accumulated wisdom in the form of a “thesis” recounting and ranking her sexual partners during her years as a student.
争议：在杜克大学的最后一段时间，欧文决定以“论文”的形式回忆她在学生时代的性伴侣并对其进行排名，以此传递她积累的一些智慧。
Although Ms. Owen intended the document, “An Education Beyond the Classroom: Excelling in the Realm of Horizontal Academics,” to be a private joke shared with a handful of friends, it quickly traveled outside that small group, getting forwarded around campus. In the fall of 2010, Ms. Owen’s document was published on the websites Jezebel and Deadspin, appended with an obscene title.
虽然欧文只打算将这份名为“课堂之外的教育：在横向学术领域取得卓越”(An Education Beyond the Classroom: Excelling in the Realm of Horizontal Academics)的文档作为一个私人笑话与少数朋友分享，但它很快就被传到了这个小圈子之外，在校园里传播开来。2010年秋天，欧文的文档被发表在Jezebel和Deadspin网站上，被附上了淫秽的标题。
Aftermath: Never interested in courting public attention, Ms. Owen sought to disappear entirely.
后果：欧文从未对吸引公众注意感兴趣，她试图完全从关注中消失。
Agents and editors reached out with promises of book deals, envisioning her as a female counterpart to the vulgar essayist Tucker Max. Ms. Owen turned them down. Within days, her social media presence disappeared; commentators like Caitlin Flanagan of The Atlantic portrayed her as an example of everything wrong with college party culture, but she was nowhere to be found. She declined to be interviewed.
代理商和编辑纷纷承诺帮她出书，把她想象成女版的通俗散文家塔克·马克斯(Tucker Max)。欧文拒绝了他们。几天之内，她在社交媒体上消失了;如《大西洋月刊》(The Atlantic)的凯特琳·弗拉纳根(Caitlin Flanagan)这样的评论员把她描绘成一个浓缩了大学派对文化所有问题的例子，但是她却无处可寻。她拒绝接受采访。
Emma Sulkowicz
艾玛·索克维茨(Emma Sulkowicz)
Age: 25. Alma Mater: Columbia University. Major: Art.
年龄：25岁 学校：哥伦比亚大学 专业：艺术
Controversy: In the spring of 2013, Mx. Sulkowicz, who uses non-binary honorifics and pronouns, filed a complaint with Columbia’s Office of Gender-Based and Sexual Misconduct, accusing a fellow student, Paul Nungesser, of sexual assault.
争议：2013年春天，索克维茨(Ta选择使非二元性别的敬语和代词)向哥伦比亚大学的性别和性不当行为办公室(Office of Gender-Based and Sexual Misconduct)投诉，指控同学保罗·努格瑟尔(Paul Nungesser)性侵犯。
Unsatisfied with Columbia’s response to the complaint, which found Mr. Nungesser “not responsible,” Mx. Sulkowicz expressed frustration through performance art, debuting “Mattress Performance (Carry That Weight)” in the fall of 2014. The project, during which Mx. Sulkowicz carried a mattress identical to those found in Columbia’s dorms when on campus, was widely covered by the press (Mr. Nungusser eventually sued Columbia, which settled for an undisclosed amount).
哥伦比亚对投诉的回应是努格瑟尔的行为“不负责任”，这没有让索克维茨感到满意，于是Ta试图通过行为艺术表达挫折感，在2014年秋开始了《床垫行为(承担重负)》(Mattress Performance [Carry That Weight])。进行这个项目期间，索克维茨扛着一张与哥伦比亚大学宿舍的床垫相同的床垫，被媒体广泛报道(努格瑟尔最终起诉了哥伦比亚大学并达成和解，未透露所涉赔偿金额)。
Often referred to by the moniker “Mattress Girl,” Mx. Sulkowicz was held up as a symbol of the modern anti-sexual assault movement, alternately celebrated as a champion of survivors’ rights and denigrated as a scorned person hellbent on ruining the reputation of an ex.
常被称为“床垫女孩”的索克维茨被推崇为现代反性侵运动的象征，也被誉为幸存者权利的捍卫者，或者被诋毁为一个一心要破坏前任名誉的人。
Aftermath: “Mattress Performance” stirred up drama on Columbia’s campus — most notably Lee Bollinger, the president of the university, refused to shake its creator’s hand at graduation — and there was backlash from commentators, including particularly nasty missives from those who deemed Mx. Sulkowicz to be a “pretty little liar” who was just looking for attention.
后果：“床垫行为”在哥伦比亚大学校园掀起了不少是非——最引人注目的是在毕业典礼上拒绝与索克维茨握手的校长李·鲍林杰(Lee Bollinger)——也引起了舆论反弹，其中包括那些认为索克维茨是一个只为寻求关注的“漂亮小骗子”的人写来的尤其恶毒的信函。
After graduation, Mx. Sulkowicz struggled to carry around the new burden of an outsize reputation. Some of the artist’s first post-college work explored the tension of that particular breed of fame. “Ceci N’est Pas Un Viol,” an eight-minute explicit video, purports to recreate the night of Mx. Sulkowicz’s assault in vivid, excruciating detail, offering up the “proof” that so many commentators seemed to be demanding as “Mattress Performance” went viral.“The Ship Is Sinking,” performed as part of the Whitney Independent Study Program’s studio exhibition, positioned Mx. Sulkowicz as the figurehead of a ship, simultaneously assaulted and strengthened by the vicious remarks of spectators.
毕业后，索克维茨挣扎着背负一个过大的名声带来的新负担。这位艺术家大学后的第一部作品探索了这种特殊名声产生的紧张。《这不是强奸》(Ceci nest Pas Un Viol)是一段8分钟的视频，旨在用清晰、令人痛苦的细节重现索克维茨被侵犯的那天夜晚，并提供了随着“床垫行为”被大量传播后，许多评论人士似乎都要求得到的证据。《船正在下沉》(The Ship Is Sinking)参加了惠特尼独立研究项目(Whitney Independent Study Program)工作室展览，索克维茨作为装饰船头的雕像，在受到旁观者恶毒言论的攻击同时，也借此增强了自己的力量。
There were also new sources of support, including, notably, Ms. Shvarts, encountered in the midst of “Mattress Performance.” Mx. Sulkowicz credits a friendship with Ms. Shvarts as being a particularly important source of support while navigating the stress of unexpectedly becoming a national public figure. “She’s the first older sister I ever really had,” Mx. Sulkowicz said. “She just really took me under her wing and was supercool.”
她也得到了新的支持来源，特别是在“床垫行为”过程中遇到的施瓦茨。索克维茨认为，在她努力克服意外成为全国公众人物的压力时，她与施瓦茨的友谊是一种特别重要的支持来源。“她是我第一个真正的姐姐”，索克维茨说。“她真的在保护我，而且超级酷。”
Mx. Sulkowicz’s latest art piece, “The Floating World”, turns away from the question of what it means to be famous and hated, choosing instead to celebrate other women and feminist artists who’ve faced similar excoriation from the public — that has enabled them not merely to survive but to thrive.”
索克维茨最新的艺术作品《漂浮的世界》(The Floating World)没有探讨出名和被憎恨意味着什么的问题，而是选择赞美其他面临类似的公众批评——但不仅因此生存了下来，还不断成长——的女性和女性主义艺术家。”
