代词

(2) this和these常指后面将要讲到的事物，有启下的作用，that和those常指前面已经讲到过的事物，起承上的作用。

例：I shall say this to you: he is an honest man. 我将对你说这一点：他是一个诚实的人。

He felt ill. That is why he didn't come. 他病了，那就是他没来的原因。

He broke the glass, and that cost him five dollars. 他打破了玻璃，那花费了他5美元。

(3) that和those有时可用来代替前面提到过的东西，以避免重复这个名词：

These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 这些机器比我们去年生产的好。

The oil output in 1988 was much higher than that of 1986. 1988年的石油产量比1986年高很多。

The history of China is as interesting as that of Russia. 中国的历史同俄国的历史一样有趣。

(4) 在电话中，this表示打电话者，that表示接电话的对方。

例：A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂，我是鲍勃。

B: Who's that please? 请问是哪位?(美语用Who's it?或Who's this?)

3、such也是一个指示代词，在句子中可用作：

(1) 定语：

We have had such a busy day. 我们今天忙得真够呛。

I don’t like such weather. 我不喜欢这样的天气。

(2) 主语：

Such was my immediate impression. 这就是我当时的印象。

Such are the results. 结果就是如此。

(3) 表语：

His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病还不至于使人焦虑不安。