每天服用婴儿阿司匹林可以挽救许多孕妇的生命

每天服用婴儿阿司匹林可以挽救许多孕妇的生命

Bridget Desmukes was surprised when her OB-GYN recommended low-dose aspirin at her first prenatal appointment this past spring. She knew about daily low-dose aspirin being prescribed to people recovering from a heart attack or stroke. But for pregnant women?

布里奇特·德斯穆克斯今年春天第一次产前检查时，她对妇产科医生建议她服用低剂量阿司匹林感到惊讶。她知道，心脏病发作或中风恢复期的患者会被开小剂量的阿司匹林。但是对孕妇来说呢?

In a past pregnancy, Desmukes, who is now 42, had developed preeclampsia, a potentially serious complication that involves high blood pressure. A small amount of daily aspirin, it turns out, can significantly cut the risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnancy.

在过去的一次怀孕中，现年42岁的德斯穆克患上了子痫前期，这是一种潜在的严重并发症，包括高血压。事实证明，每天服用少量阿司匹林可以显著降低怀孕期间患上子痫前期的风险。

It's currently recommended for many pregnant women by two influential groups — the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, an independent panel of experts commissioned by the federal government.

目前，两个有影响力的组织-美国妇产科医师学会和联邦政府委托的独立专家小组-美国预防服务工作组建议许多孕妇服用该药。

The challenge, some OB-GYNs believe, is getting the word out to women who are at risk that the low-dose aspirin regimen is something that could benefit them. In that way, Desmukes and her husband, Jeffrey, were lucky to hear about it early in her pregnancy.

一些妇产科医生认为，面临的挑战是让那些有风险的女性知道，小剂量阿司匹林疗法可能对她们有益。因此，德斯穆克和她的丈夫杰弗里(Jeffrey)很幸运地在她怀孕初期就听说了这件事。

She says her doctor "explained to us that because of my age and the fact that I had a history of preeclampsia, aspirin would be recommended for me to take. Just precautionarily — to keep the flow of nutrients and oxygen and everything to the baby and help it continue to thrive and grow."

她说，她的医生“向我们解释说，由于我的年龄和有子痫前期病史，建议我服用阿司匹林。只是预防——保持营养、氧气和其他一切流向婴儿，帮助他继续茁壮成长。”

The cause of preeclampsia in a pregnant woman is still unknown, but the danger is clear: Her blood vessels constrict, which means, among other things, blood can't flow easily to her kidneys or brain or uterus. Telltale signs include a terrible headache and swollen hands and feet.

孕妇子痫前期的病因尚不清楚，但危险一目了然:她的血管收缩，这意味着血液不能顺畅地流向她的肾脏、大脑或子宫。明显的症状包括严重的头痛和手脚臃肿。

"What aspirin does is relax blood vessels, [which] lowers the blood pressure, but also improves blood flow to the baby, to the kidneys, and to the brain, lowering the chance that the woman would have any complications to her pregnancy that would affect either her or her baby," says Dr. Jodi Abbott, an OB-GYN who specializes in treating high-risk pregnancies at Boston Medical Center and is also an associate professor at Boston University School of Medicine.

“阿司匹林的作用是放松血管,[这]降低了血压,但也促使了血液流向孩子,肾脏,大脑,降低孕期的女人患并发症的机会，而这种并发症会影响她自己或孩子,”乔迪•阿伯特博士说, 是波士顿医疗中心专门治疗高危妊娠的妇产科医生,也是波士顿大学医学院的副教授。

Prenatal aspirin can cut the risk of preeclampsia by 24%, according to a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence by the USPSTF in 2014.

根据USPSTF在2014年对科学证据的全面审查，产前服用阿司匹林可以将子痫前期的风险降低24%。

Any woman pregnant with twins or triplets, or who has diabetes or hypertension, or who has had preeclampsia before, is considered at high risk of the condition and should talk to her doctor about taking low-dose aspirin, Abbott says.

阿伯特说，任何怀上双胞胎或三胞胎、患有糖尿病或高血压、或以前有过子痫前期的妇女，都被认为处于高风险情况，应与她的医生讨论服用低剂量阿司匹林的问题。

Beyond that group of "high risk" characteristics, there are the moderate risk factors — like being pregnant with a first baby, or being obese, or over 35, or African American. Having two or more of those characteristics means low-dose aspirin should be considered for you, too, the guidelines suggest.

除了这组“高风险”特征之外，还有一些中等风险因素——比如怀上第一个孩子、肥胖、35岁以上或非洲裔美国人。指南建议，拥有上述两种或两种以上特征意味着你也应该考虑服用低剂量阿司匹林。